The Ninety-Nine Names99 Names, home
Name 36 of 99
العلي

The Most High

Al-ʻAlī

The summit — high, and no nearer.

Meaning

From ʻ-l-w — loftiness and elevation, and Ibn Fāris calls it one root from which nothing at all departs. As-Saʻdī reads Al-ʻAlī as high by His essence, high by the greatness of His attributes, and high in that He has overpowered everything that is; ar-Rāghib reads the Name as meaning that He is higher than the description of describers can encompass, or than the knowledge of those who know. Ibn al-Athīr gives it as the One above whom there is nothing in rank and in judgement. Said of Allah the word stands eight times and not once alone — six of them with the article, twice beside Al-ʻAẓīm and four times beside Al-Kabīr. Yet the height is not distance: the same Book calls Him nearer to a man than his jugular vein. Unattainably supreme, and never far.

Root ʻ-l-w — one root from which nothing departs: loftiness and elevation

Computed from the Tanzil text, ʻ-l-w gives a wide field once the particle ʻalā and the look-alike roots ʻ-l-m, f-ʻ-l, j-ʻ-l, ʻ-l-n, n-ʻ-l, b-ʻ-l and l-ʻ-l are set aside by hand, and the adjective ʻalī stands eleven times. Six are definite and every one of the six is said of Allah: 2:255 and 42:4 beside al-ʻAẓīm, Name 33; 22:62, 31:30, 34:23 and, in the genitive, 40:12 beside al-Kabīr, Name 37 — so the pairing with al-Kabīr stands four times and not twice, and this page now carries all six. Two more are indefinite and of Allah, 42:51 beside ḥakīm and 4:34 beside kabīran. The remaining three are not of Allah: the Qurʼan itself at 43:4, a tongue of truth at 19:50, and the station of Idrīs at 19:57. The elative al-Aʻlā stands nine times — of Allah at 87:1 and 92:20, and in al-mathal al-aʻlā at 16:60 and 30:27; of the highest assembly at 37:8 and 38:69; of the highest horizon at 53:7; said to Mūsā at 20:68; and at 79:24 claimed by Pharaoh for himself. Ibn Fāris: the ʻayn, the lām and the weak letter, whether yāʼ or wāw or alif, one root meaning loftiness and elevation, from which nothing departs; and quoting al-Khalīl, al-ʻalāʼ is rank while al-ʻuluww is greatness and tyranny, al-Khalīl’s example of it being Pharaoh at 28:4. Ar-Rāghib: ʻalā is said of the praiseworthy and the blameworthy, ʻaliya only of the praiseworthy, and al-ʻAlī is from the second. Ibn al-Athīr gives al-ʻAlī and al-Mutaʻāl, Name 78, together in one entry. Aṭ-Ṭabarī on 2:255 glosses al-ʻalī as faʻīl from ʻalā yaʻlū, possessed of loftiness over His creation by His power, and then records the scholars dividing without settling it; as-Saʻdī there gives the three heights, of essence, of attributes and of overpowering. Ibn Kathīr on 4:34 reads the close as a threat to men who wrong women, since al-ʻAlī al-Kabīr is the protector of those wronged. Reports: Muslim 482; al-Bukhārī 7481; al-Bukhārī 2810 with Muslim 1904b; Muslim 595a. Supplications at Muslim 772, at-Tirmidhī 3435 and Ibn Mājah 3878. The lists at at-Tirmidhī 3507, ḍaʻīf by al-Albānī, Aḥmad Shākir and Darussalam, and Ibn Mājah 3861 carry al-ʻAlī.

Story

Zubayda spent eleven years getting to the top of the mountain. Three attempts, two broken bones, one companion buried on the lower slopes. When at last she stood on the summit in the thin blue cold, she was higher than any person in that country had ever stood.

And the strange thing — the thing she could never explain properly afterward — was that the sky was exactly as far away as it had been from her doorstep.

She had half expected otherwise. Some part of her had imagined that climbing was a kind of approach, that height was a way of getting nearer to what is above us. But the stars had not moved an inch. She had spent eleven years and everything she had, and had closed no distance at all — because the height she had been reaching for was never the sort you climb toward.

The companion she buried was called Idan, and he had been twenty-six, and she had been the one who said the weather would hold. He had not argued with her about it. He had trusted her reading of the sky, as he had always trusted it, because it had always been right, and because that morning the sky did look like it would hold. She had thought about that for a long time afterward: not that she had been wrong, which she had, but that he had not doubted her, which he wouldn’t have, and that the two things together were the whole of it. She went back up twice after that, which some people in the valley thought was courage and some thought was an answer to a question she had not been asked.

Her husband had asked her not to go back after Idan. He said it plainly, once, and did not say it again — not because he had stopped thinking it, but because he knew what the silence after it meant. She went anyway, the second time and the third. When she came back down the third time, the summit behind her and the argument still somewhere between them, he put a bowl of soup in front of her without comment and sat across the table. The argument was never finished. He died before she made a fourth attempt, which she did not. She was not certain whether that was grief or something she owed him.

She never described the summit to Idan’s mother. There was nothing up there to describe.

It did not embitter her. It cured her of something. She came down understanding that what is above us is not the top of a ladder anyone can work their way up, but something of a different order altogether — and that the only approach to it has nothing to do with altitude, and is open just as fully to a bedridden old woman who never leaves her room.

Poem

Above eight thousand meters, mountaineers call it the death zone.
Not because the mountain turns hostile there —
the rock is the same rock as lower down, unchanged.
It’s the air that gives up first,
thinning past the point where any body, however trained,
can do more than slowly begin to fail.

Nothing attacks a climber at that altitude. Nothing has to.
They have simply arrived somewhere
that was never going to sustain them —
a height so far past ordinary air
that the ordinary rules about strength and will
stop applying at all.

This is not one more step past the last hard step.
It is a different order of high,
a threshold where climbing itself
runs out of anything familiar to measure against.

Al-ʻAlī is not the summit of the tallest thing that can be climbed.
His is the height no ascent was ever going to reach —
however far, however long, however bravely attempted.

Some elevations were never meant to be arrived at.
They were only ever meant to be known,
from very far below,
as true —
and known best, His worshippers found,
not at the summit of anything,
but at the one altitude
every human being can reach:
the ground.

Reflection

The Ground

Al-ʻAlī is high the way nothing in creation is high: in essence, in attributes, in dominion. Every summit on earth is measured against another summit; His highness is measured against nothing. Add all the altitudes together and you have not begun the journey, because the journey was never upward through air.

The Qurʼan almost never lets this Name stand alone: He is the Most High, the Magnificent — the Most High, the Great — flanked, again and again, by vastness. And the same Book that seats Him above every high thing insists, without any sense of contradiction, that He is nearer to you than your jugular vein, and that when His servants ask after Him, Allah answers in the first person: I am near. Highness without farness. No court to be admitted through, no thinning air along the way, no altitude at which the request begins to fail.

Then the religion does with this Name what it did with the Magnificent: it assigns a posture, and the assignment is the whole theology in one gesture. The Magnificent was given to the bow. The Most High was given to the prostration — Subḥāna Rabbiya al-Aʻlā, Glory be to my Lord, the Most High — spoken with the forehead on the floor. And the Prophet ﷺ said: the closest a servant is to his Lord is while he is prostrating, so make much supplication then. Mark the geometry. The Name of absolute height is placed at the body’s absolute bottom, and that is where the distance is smallest.

This rearranges ambition without abolishing it. Every height a person can occupy — office, reputation, the summit of a profession — is relative, rented, and level ground from where He is. That is not an insult to your climbing; it is the end of a misunderstanding about what climbing is for. You were never required to gain altitude to be heard. The paralyzed, the bedridden, the one who will never stand unaided again — no soul is stationed too low for this Name, because lowness was never the obstacle. It is, if anything, the appointment.

Glorify the name of your Lord, the Most High — that is the verse’s whole instruction, and it is within anyone’s reach tonight. Do not mistake Him for a peak and yourself for a failed climber. He is not at the top of anything; tops are for things that have bottoms. Say the words, go down to the floor, and find what the geometry has been saying all along: the distance was never vertical, and the One above everything has been near the whole time.

The road to the Most High runs downward — forehead to the ground is the nearest a servant ever stands.

Qurʼan

وَلَا يَئُودُهُ حِفْظُهُمَا ۚ وَهُوَ الْعَلِيُّ الْعَظِيمُ

And their preservation does not weary Him. And He is the Most High, the Magnificent.

2:255 (Qurʼan, opens quran.com)

Al-ʻAlī is the first of the two Names that close Āyat al-Kursī, and it follows a statement about effortlessness rather than about altitude. Aṭ-Ṭabarī glosses it as faʻīl from ʻalā yaʻlū, one possessed of loftiness and elevation over his creation by his power, and then sets down the disagreement without settling it: some read the elevation as being above peer and likeness and refuse the reading of place, others read it as elevation above the places of His creation. As-Saʻdī takes the one word three ways at once — high by His essence, high by the greatness of His attributes, and high in that He has overpowered all that is — which is the division the entry’s own gloss follows. The verse is shared with Names 33, 38, 62 and 63.

ذَٰلِكَ بِأَنَّ اللَّهَ هُوَ الْحَقُّ وَأَنَّ مَا يَدْعُونَ مِن دُونِهِ هُوَ الْبَاطِلُ وَأَنَّ اللَّهَ هُوَ الْعَلِيُّ الْكَبِيرُ

That is because Allah is the Truth, and what they call upon besides Him is falsehood, and because Allah is the Most High, the Great.

22:62 (Qurʼan, opens quran.com)

Aṭ-Ṭabarī: al-ʻalī is possessed of loftiness over every thing, He above it and every thing beneath Him; al-kabīr is the great one than whom nothing is greater. Ibn Kathīr sets the close beside 2:255 and beside al-Kabīr al-Mutaʻāl at 13:9, and reads it as everything standing under His subduing and His authority. This is the first of the four places the Name stands with al-Kabīr, Name 37; 31:30, 34:23 and 40:12 are below.

وَمَا كَانَ لِبَشَرٍ أَن يُكَلِّمَهُ اللَّهُ إِلَّا وَحْيًا أَوْ مِن وَرَاءِ حِجَابٍ أَوْ يُرْسِلَ رَسُولًا فَيُوحِيَ بِإِذْنِهِ مَا يَشَاءُ ۚ إِنَّهُ عَلِيٌّ حَكِيمٌ

It is not for any human being that Allah should speak to him except by revelation, or from behind a veil, or by sending a messenger to reveal by His permission what He wills. Truly He is Most High, Wise.

42:51 (Qurʼan, opens quran.com)

The height here is described in terms of approach: not a distance to be crossed, but a difference in kind that determines how speech can happen at all. Aṭ-Ṭabarī takes the three modes in turn — revelation cast however He wills, speech heard from behind a veil without the speaker being seen, as Mūsā was addressed, and a messenger sent — and gives as-Suddī naming Mūsā for the second and Jibrīl for the third. One of the two occurrences of Allah without the article; Ibn Kathīr glosses the close in a line, ʻalī, ʻalīm, khabīr, ḥakīm.

وَلَقَدْ خَلَقْنَا الْإِنسَانَ وَنَعْلَمُ مَا تُوَسْوِسُ بِهِ نَفْسُهُ ۖ وَنَحْنُ أَقْرَبُ إِلَيْهِ مِنْ حَبْلِ الْوَرِيدِ

And We have created man and know what his soul whispers to him, and We are nearer to him than his jugular vein.

50:16 (Qurʼan, opens quran.com)

The Most High is not the far One, and nearness of this kind is stated in the same breath as creation itself, not as a concession made afterward. Aṭ-Ṭabarī places the verse as a rebuke to the idolaters of Quraysh who had said that a return after becoming dust was a far-fetched return: the question put to them at 50:15 is whether the first creation wearied Him. So the nearness is argued from the same place the height is — from His having made the man He is nearer to than that.

وَإِذَا سَأَلَكَ عِبَادِي عَنِّي فَإِنِّي قَرِيبٌ ۖ أُجِيبُ دَعْوَةَ الدَّاعِ إِذَا دَعَانِ

And when My servants ask you concerning Me — indeed I am near. I respond to the call of the caller when he calls upon Me.

2:186 (Qurʼan, opens quran.com)

Allah answers in the first person, with no intermediary clause: the Most High is reached by calling and not by ascending. Ibn Kathīr collects the occasion reports, and what they report being asked is exactly the question this Name raises — a bedouin asking whether their Lord is near, so that they might speak to Him quietly, or far, so that they must call out to Him; and from al-Ḥasan, that the Companions asked where their Lord is. Ibn Kathīr grades neither, and neither is graded here. He gives the first from Ibn Abī Ḥātim, running to Muʻāwiyah ibn Ḥaydah through his son and grandson, and the second from ʻAbd ar-Razzāq, stopping at al-Ḥasan. The verse came down as the answer, and it answers by refusing the alternative.

لَهُ مَا فِي السَّمَاوَاتِ وَمَا فِي الْأَرْضِ ۖ وَهُوَ الْعَلِيُّ الْعَظِيمُ

To Him belongs whatever is in the heavens and whatever is on the earth; and He is the Most High, the Magnificent.

42:4 (Qurʼan, opens quran.com)

The second and last place al-ʻAlī al-ʻAẓīm stands. Name 33 carries the verse for al-ʻAẓīm; this page carries it for al-ʻAlī, and the two pages carry it with the same words. What precedes the pair is not the effortlessness of 2:255 but the ownership: everything in the heavens and on the earth is His, and then the two Names. Aṭ-Ṭabarī on the first of them: possessed of loftiness and elevation over every thing, and all things beneath Him, because they are in His authority, His power running upon them and His will going through them.

ذَٰلِكَ بِأَنَّ اللَّهَ هُوَ الْحَقُّ وَأَنَّ مَا يَدْعُونَ مِن دُونِهِ الْبَاطِلُ وَأَنَّ اللَّهَ هُوَ الْعَلِيُّ الْكَبِيرُ

That is because Allah is the Truth, and what they call upon besides Him is falsehood, and because Allah is the Most High, the Great.

31:30 (Qurʼan, opens quran.com)

The same sentence as 22:62 above, with huwa dropped before al-bāṭil. Aṭ-Ṭabarī: al-ʻalī is possessed of loftiness over every thing, and all that is beneath Him is abased to Him and led by Him; al-kabīr is the one before whom every thing is made small. The pairing with al-Kabīr stands four times, at 22:62, 31:30, 34:23 and 40:12. This page carries all four; the verse is carried also at Name 37, for the second Name of the pair.

حَتَّىٰ إِذَا فُزِّعَ عَن قُلُوبِهِمْ قَالُوا مَاذَا قَالَ رَبُّكُمْ ۖ قَالُوا الْحَقَّ ۖ وَهُوَ الْعَلِيُّ الْكَبِيرُ

Until, when terror is lifted from their hearts, they will say: What did your Lord say? They will say: The truth. And He is the Most High, the Great.

34:23 (Qurʼan, opens quran.com)

The one definite occurrence of this Name that the ṣaḥīḥ collections also carry: al-Bukhārī 7481, on the Ḥadīth page, has the Prophet ﷺ reporting the angels saying these words. Aṭ-Ṭabarī glosses fuzziʻa ʻan qulūbihim as the fright being cleared and uncovered from their hearts and gone; Ibn Kathīr, from Ibn Masʻūd and Masrūq, reads the shaking as what takes the inhabitants of the heavens when they hear the speech, and collects Ibn ʻAbbās, Ibn ʻUmar, Abū ʻAbd ar-Raḥmān as-Sulamī, ash-Shaʻbī, an-Nakhaʻī, aḍ-Ḍaḥḥāk, al-Ḥasan and Qatādah on the same clause. The Name is said here by those who stand nearest, at the moment their fear leaves them.

ذَٰلِكُم بِأَنَّهُ إِذَا دُعِيَ اللَّهُ وَحْدَهُ كَفَرْتُمْ ۖ وَإِن يُشْرَكْ بِهِ تُؤْمِنُوا ۚ فَالْحُكْمُ لِلَّهِ الْعَلِيِّ الْكَبِيرِ

That is because, when Allah alone was invoked, you disbelieved; but when others were associated with Him, you believed. So the judgment belongs to Allah, the Most High, the Great.

40:12 (Qurʼan, opens quran.com)

The sixth definite occurrence and the only one in the genitive, following li-llāh. Aṭ-Ṭabarī: the judgement is Allah’s, the High over every thing, the Great before whom every thing is made small that Day. It is the verse Ibn al-Athīr’s gloss of the Name lands on exactly — the One above whom there is nothing in rank and in judgement — since here the height is stated as the reason a verdict belongs to Him and to no one else. Carried at Name 37 for the second of the pair, and at Name 66.

فَإِنْ أَطَعْنَكُمْ فَلَا تَبْغُوا عَلَيْهِنَّ سَبِيلًا ۗ إِنَّ اللَّهَ كَانَ عَلِيًّا كَبِيرًا

So if they obey you, seek no way against them. Truly Allah is ever Most High, Great.

4:34 (Qurʼan, opens quran.com)

The eighth and last occurrence said of Allah, and the second without the article. Ibn Kathīr reads the close as a threat to men who overstep against women without cause: Allah al-ʻAlī al-Kabīr is the protector of those women, and takes retribution from whoever wrongs them and overreaches against them. On the clause before it he is equally plain, that once she has obeyed him in what is his to ask there is no way left to him against her, neither striking nor shunning. So the two Names of height are set down on a domestic relation, and set against the stronger party in it. The page carries the closing clauses; the verse entire is longer.

سَبِّحِ اسْمَ رَبِّكَ الْأَعْلَى

Glorify the name of your Lord, the Most High.

87:1 (Qurʼan, opens quran.com)

The verse the words said in every prostration are taken from, and the elative of this root rather than the counted Name. The book named it in this entry and carried it at no Name; this Name’s own meditation quotes it and calls it the verse’s whole instruction. Aṭ-Ṭabarī records the commentators reading it as magnify your Lord al-Aʻlā, there being no Lord higher or greater than He, and reports that Ibn ʻUmar, ʻAlī and Ibn ʻAbbās said subḥāna rabbiya l-aʻlā on reciting it, that it stands so in the reading of Ubayy ibn Kaʻb, and, from Qatādah, that the Prophet ﷺ said it. Al-Qurṭubī states it as a recommendation for any reciter. Ar-Rāghib on al-aʻlā here: higher than to be measured by anything or weighed against anything else.

فَقَالَ أَنَا رَبُّكُمُ الْأَعْلَىٰ

And he said: I am your lord, the most high.

79:24 (Qurʼan, opens quran.com)

The word said in prostration, taken by a man for himself. Of the nine occurrences of al-aʻlā this is the one in Pharaoh’s mouth, and 20:68, where it is said to Mūsā, is the other said of a person. Ibn Kathīr gives Ibn ʻAbbās and Mujāhid that he said it forty years after his earlier word at 28:38, that he knew of no god for them but himself. Ibn Fāris’s lexicon runs the same way from the other side: al-Khalīl, as he quotes him, glosses al-ʻuluww as greatness and tyranny and takes his example from 28:4, Pharaoh exalted himself in the land. The root that names the One is the root the Qurʼan spends on the arrogance of creatures, and this verse is where the two meet.

Dua

سُبْحَانَ رَبِّيَ الْأَعْلَىٰ

Glory be to my Lord, the Most High.

Muslim 772 · ṣaḥīḥ

Narrated by Ḥudhayfah, said in prostration, and taken from 87:1, which this page now carries. Abū Dāwūd 869 is often cited beside it and does not carry these words at all: it is ʻUqbah ibn ʻĀmir’s report that when 87:1 came down the Prophet ﷺ said to put it in your prostrations, as he had said of 56:74 for the bowing. Its grades, gathered from the six editions, are ḍaʻīf from al-Albānī and from Muḥammad Muḥyī ad-Dīn ʻAbd al-Ḥamīd, with Darussalam calling its chain ṣaḥīḥ; the book had recorded only the first of the three. The wording itself is sound independently and by more than one route: Muslim 772 above, and the same Ḥudhayfah report at Abū Dāwūd 871 and at at-Tirmidhī 262, which Name 33 carries for the bowing. The structure is the whole argument of the page — the elative of this Name’s own root, spoken at the lowest point the body can reach.

لَا إِلَٰهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ الْعَلِيُّ الْحَلِيمُ لَا إِلَٰهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ رَبُّ الْعَرْشِ الْعَظِيمِ لَا إِلَٰهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ رَبُّ السَّمَوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضِ وَرَبُّ الْعَرْشِ الْكَرِيمِ

There is no god but Allah, the Most High, the Forbearing. There is no god but Allah, Lord of the Magnificent Throne. There is no god but Allah, Lord of the heavens and the earth and Lord of the Noble Throne.

at-Tirmidhī 3435 · ḥasan ṣaḥīḥ (at-Tirmidhī; Bashshār ʻAwwād Maʻrūf); ṣaḥīḥ (al-Albānī; Aḥmad Shākir; Darussalam)

The supplication of distress, from Ibn ʻAbbās, in the one recension that names this Name. The difference from the wording Names 32 and 33 carry is a single word and it is this Name: al-Bukhārī 6345 and 6346 and Muslim 2730a all read al-ʻAẓīm al-Ḥalīm where at-Tirmidhī 3435 reads al-ʻAlī al-Ḥalīm. Its third clause also differs, reading Lord of the heavens and the earth where al-Bukhārī’s second and Muslim’s read Lord of the heavens and Lord of the earth, al-Bukhārī’s first reading as at-Tirmidhī does, and it spells samawāt without the alif; the wording printed here is at-Tirmidhī’s own. Darussalam’s verdict is given by referring the report to the recension the two Ṣaḥīḥs carry, which is the one without this Name in it. The book prefers the muttafaq ʻalayh wording at Names 32 and 33 and does not replace it; this page carries the variant because the variant is where the Name stands.

لَا إِلَٰهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ وَحْدَهُ لَا شَرِيكَ لَهُ لَهُ الْمُلْكُ وَلَهُ الْحَمْدُ وَهُوَ عَلَىٰ كُلِّ شَيْءٍ قَدِيرٌ سُبْحَانَ اللَّهِ وَالْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ وَلَا إِلَٰهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ وَاللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ وَلَا حَوْلَ وَلَا قُوَّةَ إِلَّا بِاللَّهِ الْعَلِيِّ الْعَظِيمِ

There is no god but Allah alone, no partner has He; His is the dominion and His is the praise, and He is over all things Powerful. Glory be to Allah, and praise be to Allah, and there is no god but Allah, and Allah is greatest; and there is no might and no power except by Allah, the Most High, the Magnificent.

Ibn Mājah 3878 · ṣaḥīḥ (al-Albānī; Darussalam); ḥasan ṣaḥīḥ (Shuʻayb al-Arnaʼūṭ)

From ʻUbādah ibn aṣ-Ṣāmit, for whoever wakes in the night: he says this, then asks forgiveness, and is forgiven; and if he rises and performs wuḍūʼ and prays, his prayer is accepted. The Name stands in the genitive, as it does at 40:12 on the Qurʼan page. This is a recension difference and it should be stated plainly: al-Bukhārī 1154 carries the same report from the same ʻUbādah and closes the clause at illā bi-llāh, with neither of the two Names after it. Ibn Mājah’s is the wording that has them, and Darussalam’s verdict is given by referring the report to al-Bukhārī’s, which does not.

Hadith

أَقْرَبُ مَا يَكُونُ الْعَبْدُ مِنْ رَّبِّهِ وَهُوَ سَاجِدٌ فَأَكْثِرُوا الدُّعَاءَ

The closest a servant is to his Lord is while he is prostrating — so make much supplication then.

Muslim 482 · ṣaḥīḥ

From Abū Hurayrah, through Sumayy the client of Abū Bakr and Abū Ṣāliḥ Dhakwān. Nearness to a height of this kind is not gained by rising toward it; the report puts the nearest point at the floor, and then makes the floor the place to ask from. It is the counterpart of the supplication on this Name’s Duʻāʼ page, which sets the elative of the Name in the same posture: the word of highest height is said at the body’s lowest point, and that is where the distance is least.

إِذَا قَضَى اللَّهُ الْأَمْرَ فِي السَّمَاءِ ضَرَبَتِ الْمَلَائِكَةُ بِأَجْنِحَتِهَا خُضْعَانًا لِقَوْلِهِ … قَالُوا مَاذَا قَالَ رَبُّكُمْ قَالُوا الْحَقَّ وَهُوَ الْعَلِيُّ الْكَبِيرُ

When Allah decrees a matter in the heaven, the angels beat their wings in submission to His word … They say: What did your Lord say? They say: The truth — and He is the Most High, the Great.

al-Bukhārī 7481 · ṣaḥīḥ

From Abū Hurayrah, through ʻIkrimah and ʻAmr ibn Dīnār. The only place in the six books, the lists of Names aside, where the definite form of this Name is carried in a report of the Prophet ﷺ rather than in a supplication, and it is the wording of 34:23 on the Qurʼan page. Al-Bukhārī gives the report three times, at 4701 in the commentary on al-Ḥijr, at 4800 in the commentary on Sabaʼ, and here in the Book of Tawḥīd, and it stands also at at-Tirmidhī 3223, ṣaḥīḥ by al-Albānī and Aḥmad Shākir, and at Ibn Mājah 194. The clause printed is the short form; the fuller recensions continue with the eavesdroppers and the shooting star. Those who say the words are the ones who have just been made afraid by hearing them.

مَنْ قَاتَلَ لِتَكُونَ كَلِمَةُ اللَّهِ هِيَ الْعُلْيَا فَهُوَ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ

Whoever fights so that the word of Allah may be the highest — he is in the way of Allah.

al-Bukhārī 2810; Muslim 1904b · ṣaḥīḥ (muttafaq ʻalayh)

From Abū Mūsā al-Ashʻarī, through Abū Wāʼil. A man had named three motives — spoil, reputation, and being seen in one’s place — and asked which of them is in the way of Allah; the answer names none of the three and gives a fourth. The word is the Name’s own feminine elative, al-ʻulyā, and the wording is al-Bukhārī’s; Muslim 1904a, whose chain runs to the same Abū Wāʼil, reads aʻlā in place of hiya l-ʻulyā, and the record after it, through al-Aʻmash, reads hiya l-ʻulyā as printed, so the report gives both forms of the elative. What is asked of a man is not that he be high but that he not compete: the only elevation he is told to fight for is not his own. The same word stands at 9:40, carried at Name 22.

ذَهَبَ أَهْلُ الدُّثُورِ بِالدَّرَجَاتِ الْعُلَى وَالنَّعِيمِ الْمُقِيمِ … أَفَلَا أُعَلِّمُكُمْ شَيْئًا تُدْرِكُونَ بِهِ مَنْ سَبَقَكُمْ وَتَسْبِقُونَ بِهِ مَنْ بَعْدَكُمْ

The people of wealth have gone off with the highest ranks and the lasting bliss … Shall I not teach you something by which you will catch up with those who have gone ahead of you, and outstrip those who come after you?

Muslim 595a · ṣaḥīḥ

From Abū Hurayrah. The poor among the Emigrants come to say that the rich have taken the highest ranks — ad-darajāt al-ʻulā, the Name’s own feminine elative in the plural — because they pray and fast as the poor do and then give and free slaves besides. What they are given in answer is not a way of becoming rich but words said after every prayer. The report ends with the rich hearing of it and doing the same, and the answer to that is that it is the bounty of Allah, which He gives to whom He wills. Height of this kind turns out not to be bought, and not to be rationed either.

Study Notes

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CARRIED ON THIS PAGE: TWELVE ayat. Carried before and now with named commentators: 2:255, the closing pair of Āyat al-Kursī, SHARED WITH NAMES 33, 38, 62 AND 63; 22:62, the first of the four places this Name stands with al-Kabīr, SHARED WITH NAME 37; 42:51, where height is put in terms of approach; 50:16, nearer than the jugular vein, SHARED WITH NAME 76; 2:186, where Allah answers in the first person, SHARED WITH NAMES 44 AND 98.

ADDED, AND THIS IS WHAT THE PASS CAME FOR: 42:4, 31:30, 34:23 and 40:12, THE FOUR DEFINITE OCCURRENCES OF THIS NAME THAT THE BOOK CARRIED AT OTHER NAMES AND NOT AT THIS ONE — 42:4 at Name 33 and the other three at Name 37, 40:12 at Name 66 as well — so that the page now carries ALL SIX definite occurrences and all eight of the occurrences said of Allah; 4:34, the second of the two without the article, SHARED WITH NAMES 37 AND 63; 87:1, the verse the prostration formula is taken from; and 79:24, WHERE THE ELATIVE OF THIS ROOT IS CLAIMED BY PHARAOH FOR HIMSELF. All seven are appended, the five existing sub-items keep their positions, and the distinct Qurʼan-page verse count in Notes on This Edition moves from 387 to 390.

NAMED HERE BUT NOT CARRIED ON THIS PAGE: 9:40, carried at Name 22; 56:74, carried at Name 33; 13:9, carried at Name 37 and Name 78; 30:27, carried at Name 58 and Name 59; 17:43, carried at Name 78; 43:4, 19:50, 19:57, 92:20, 16:60, 37:8, 38:69, 53:7, 20:68, 28:4, 17:4, 27:14, 28:83 and 28:38, all carried at NO Name; 50:15, carried at Name 73.

CORRECTED ON THE RECORD, THE COUNTS: the root was counted by hand from the Tanzil text with strip. A widened pattern returns a very large field, because the particle ʻalā and its pronoun forms fall inside it, as do ʻ-l-m, f-ʻ-l, j-ʻ-l, ʻ-l-n, n-ʻ-l, b-ʻ-l and l-ʻ-l; every form was read and classified by hand, and the preposition was separated from the adjective by its vowelling. THE ADJECTIVE ʻALĪ STANDS ELEVEN TIMES. SIX ARE DEFINITE, AND UNLIKE AL-ḤALĪM AT NAME 32 AND ASH-SHAKŪR AT NAME 35, EVERY ONE OF THE SIX IS SAID OF ALLAH: 2:255, 22:62, 31:30, 34:23 and 42:4 in the nominative, and 40:12 in the genitive. Two more are said of Allah without the article, 42:51 and 4:34, so the word is said of Him eight times in all, and in every one of the eight it is followed by a second Name — it never once stands alone. Three are not of Allah (corrected in build 160): 43:4, where it is said of the Qurʼan; 19:50, of a tongue of truth; and 19:57, of the station Idrīs was raised to. THE ENTRY SAID THE PAIRING WITH AL-KABĪR WAS ONE STATEMENT MADE TWICE. IT IS MADE FOUR TIMES — 22:62, 31:30, 34:23 and 40:12 — and the claim that the tradition reads them as one statement made twice named no one and is removed rather than reattributed. THE BOOK CARRIED TWO OF THE SIX DEFINITE OCCURRENCES AT THIS NAME. The other four sat at Names 33 and 37, and both Guide entries described that as a division of the pairing by design, one verse at each of the twinned Names. The description rested on the miscount, and it is superseded here: the Name’s own page now carries every verse in which the Name stands. Name 33 keeps 42:4 and Name 37 keeps 31:30, 34:23 and 40:12, with reciprocal SHARED_LOCI links written at both ends.

CORRECTED, AND THIS IS THE OTHER HALF OF THE COUNT: the elative al-Aʻlā stands nine times and only four of them are of Allah — 87:1, 92:20, and al-mathal al-aʻlā at 16:60 and 30:27. Of the other five, two are of the highest assembly, one of the highest horizon, ONE IS SAID TO MŪSĀ at 20:68, AND ONE IS CLAIMED BY PHARAOH FOR HIMSELF at 79:24 — the same word, in the same definite elative form, that a Muslim says with his forehead on the ground. Both 87:1 and 79:24 are now carried, and 79:24 is the shape this book has learned to look for.

CORRECTED, THE ROOT: glossBasis was desc, senseNote was null, and rootRelation was shared-unmarked with relatedName null although Name 78, Al-Mutaʻālī, is the same root and its entry says so. It is now shared-explicit to al-mutaali; Name 78 now matches. IBN FĀRIS GIVES ONE ROOT AND SAYS THAT NOTHING DEPARTS FROM IT, which is the opposite of the judgement he passes on ḥ-l-m at Name 32 and on sh-k-r at Name 35, where he calls the roots divergent and far from analogy. Quoting al-Khalīl he then divides the sense: al-ʻalāʼ is rank, al-ʻuluww is greatness and tyranny — AND HIS EXAMPLE OF THE SECOND, AL-KHALĪL’S, IS PHARAOH, at 28:4 (corrected in build 160). Ar-Rāghib separates the two verbs, ʻalā said of the praiseworthy and the blameworthy alike and ʻaliya said only of the praiseworthy, and takes the Name from the second; on the Name he gives the line the desc now carries, that He is higher than the description of describers can encompass, or than the knowledge of those who know, and on 87:1, that al-aʻlā means higher than to be measured by anything or weighed against anything else. Ibn al-Athīr gives al-ʻAlī as the One above whom there is nothing in rank and in judgement, faʻīl in the sense of fāʻil, and gives al-Mutaʻāl in the same entry. READ, in one fetch of the Hawramani aggregator, which did surface for this root: Lisān al-ʻArab, ar-Rāghib’s Mufradāt, al-Jawharī’s Ṣiḥāḥ, Ibn al-Athīr’s Nihāyah, ar-Rāzī’s Mukhtār aṣ-Ṣiḥāḥ, Abū Mūsā al-Madīnī and al-Fattinī, with al-Azharī quoted inside Lisān.

READ SEPARATELY: Ibn Fāris, as three independent transcriptions of the Maqāyīs entry, all in the same wording, one of them citing the printed pagination; NOT in a printed edition and NOT on the aggregator. NOT READ for this root: al-Fayyūmī, az-Zabīdī and al-Jurjānī, and nothing is claimed from them.

CORRECTED, THE DESC: it asserted that Al-ʻAlī is exalted in essence, in attributes and in dominion, and named nobody. The threefold division is as-Saʻdī’s on 2:255 and it is now attributed.

CORRECTED, THE REF: it carried three long citation forms that the house forms forbid — Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim 772, Sunan Abī Dāwūd 869 and Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim 482; it named no lexicon; it gave no count; it named 42:4 nowhere at all and 31:30 as a verse held at another Name; and it did not carry at-Tirmidhī 3507 with its grades. All are fixed.

CORRECTED, THE QURʼAN NOTES: none of the five carried a named commentator, and all five now do. ONE duʻāʼ BECOMES THREE. The first keeps its wording, its source and its grade, which are Name 78’s exactly and must stay so. ITS NOTE SPELLED ABŪ DĀWŪD 869 IN THE LONG FORM AND RECORDED ONE OF ITS THREE GRADES: the dataset adds Muḥammad Muḥyī ad-Dīn ʻAbd al-Ḥamīd, also ḍaʻīf, and Darussalam, who calls the chain ṣaḥīḥ. THE NOTE ALSO CALLED ABŪ DĀWŪD 869 A PARALLEL OF THESE WORDS, WHICH IT IS NOT — as Name 33 found from the other side, that report does not contain the formula at all but is the instruction to put the verse into the prostration. The note is rewritten, and the two further routes to the wording, Abū Dāwūd 871 and at-Tirmidhī 262, are named. ADDED, TWO SUPPLICATIONS THAT NAME THIS NAME IN THE DEFINITE, which the book had at no Name: at-Tirmidhī 3435, the duʻāʼ of distress in the one recension reading al-ʻAlī al-Ḥalīm where al-Bukhārī 6345 and 6346 and Muslim 2730a read al-ʻAẓīm al-Ḥalīm; and Ibn Mājah 3878, where the night-waking dhikr closes on al-ʻAlī al-ʻAẓīm where al-Bukhārī 1154 closes at illā bi-llāh. BOTH RECENSION DIFFERENCES ARE STATED ON THE PAGE AND NEITHER IS SMOOTHED, and the wording Names 32 and 33 carry is not replaced. ONE ḥadīth BECOMES FOUR, all verified letter by letter against the dataset. Muslim 482 keeps its wording and grade and loses a note that opened by explaining the editor’s reason for placing it.

ADDED: al-Bukhārī 7481, THE ONE PLACE IN THE SIX BOOKS, THE LISTS OF NAMES ASIDE, WHERE THE DEFINITE NAME STANDS IN A REPORT OF THE PROPHET ﷺ, and it is the wording of 34:23 above; al-Bukhārī 2810 with Muslim 1904a, where Muslim reads aʻlā for al-Bukhārī’s hiya l-ʻulyā, so that one report carries both elatives; and Muslim 595a, the highest ranks asked after by the poor.

MEDS 36 CORRECTED IN THREE PLACES, ALL OF THEM QUOTATION DRIFT: it rendered 22:62 as the Most High, the Most Great where the page reads the Most High, the Great; it gave the prostration formula as Glory to my Lord where the Duʻāʼ page reads Glory be to my Lord; and it put Muslim 482 in words of its own while introducing them as what the Prophet ﷺ said. All three now match the book’s own translations, and 87:1, which the last paragraph quotes, is carried on the page so that the quotation can be checked against it. POEMS 36 and CH 36 read and unchanged; the death zone above eight thousand metres and the unmoved stars are both sound.

OPEN: pp. 114 to 116 of the Maqāyīs entry at this root are not yet read.

OPEN: the earlier Guide entry left 87:1 off the page deliberately and referred the question to the author, on the ground that al-Aʻlā is a cognate and not the counted Name. It is carried now because the book’s own settled practice at Names 30 to 35 is to carry cognate and creaturely occurrences with their status stated, and because 79:24 makes the elative a matter of fact about the Name rather than a matter of policy; the decision is reversible and is recorded here as a decision.

COHERENCE: Name 33 gains a reciprocal quran link at its 42:4 and one sentence of its own note is corrected, since it listed 87:1 among the verses carried at no Name and 87:1 is now carried here; its remark on this page was brought up to date in build 157. Name 37 gains three reciprocal links and no change of text, but its ref and its Guide entry repeat the same miscount of the pairing and the same by-design description, and both should be corrected when 37 comes up.

HYGIENE AFTER NAME 61: the Qurʼan note on 22:62 narrated the page’s own editing — the four places the Name stands with al-Kabīr, Name 37, and not of two, which is what the entry had counted — and the clause is removed with the fact it carried kept. AFTER THE READING OF IBN FĀRIS AT ʻ-L-W: the Maqāyīs entry for this root is now read in Ibn Fāris’s own text, Hārūn edition, vol. 4, pp. 112, 113 and 117 (Shamela 21710, pages 1653, 1654 and 1658). His own words at p. 112: the ʻayn, the lām and the weak letter, be it yāʼ or wāw or alif, are one root indicating loftiness and elevation, and nothing departs from it. The gloss this page carries is his, word for word, and stands unchanged; he states the root for all three weak letters, which is why the alif-final forms are counted with the rest.

NOT READ: pp. 114 to 116 of the same entry, and ar-Rāghib, Lisān al-ʻArab and al-Khalīl’s own Kitāb al-ʻAyn at this root.

CORRECTED ON THE RECORD, THE PAGE: found false and corrected — the senseNote gave the Pharaoh verse at 28:4 as Ibn Fāris’s own illustration, where at p. 113 it stands inside a quotation from al-Khalīl, who glosses ʻuluww there as greatness and tyrannizing and separates it from al-ʻalāʼ, which he reads as elevation; it is now given as al-Khalīl’s, as Ibn Fāris quotes him. Added and sourced: the two-verb division the note gave to ar-Rāghib alone stands earlier in the Maqāyīs, in al-Khalīl’s words there. The item asking for Ibn Fāris in a printed edition at this root is closed; the same item at Names 34 and 35 is not, and stands.

IN BUILD 160, FROM THE PHASE 2 READING: the ref and the record on the counts no longer count the Qurʼan among creatures; the three are not of Allah. The Pharaoh example at 28:4 is al-Khalīl’s, as Ibn Fāris quotes him, in the ref, the 79:24 note and the record, as the reading of his text found; the 79:24 note names 20:68 the other al-aʻlā said of a person. The ref names Ibn Mājah 3861’s list and pairs al-Bukhārī 2810 with Muslim 1904b, which carries hiya l-ʻulyā, as the source field now does; the desc names as-Saʻdī for the three heights. The 2:255 and 40:12 notes and the carried line name every share, Names 38 and 66 among them; the 42:4 and 31:30 notes no longer narrate the page’s editing; the 2:186 note gives the chains Ibn Kathīr gives and grades neither; the 34:23 note adds Abū ʻAbd ar-Raḥmān as-Sulamī to Ibn Kathīr’s list. The ḥadīth note places al-Bukhārī 4701 in the commentary on al-Ḥijr and sets the lists of Names aside; the duʻāʼ note gives the third clause to the records that carry it. The remarks on Names 33 and 78 and the OPEN item on Ibn Fāris are brought up to date. 2:186’s English and the elative’s carriage wait on the author (A48).

BY THE AUTHOR’S DECISIONS OF 2026-09-25, IN BUILD 182: 2:255’s their keeping becomes their preservation, the noun Name 38 sets (A23); 87:1 and 79:24 are kept on the page (A48).

IN BUILD 207, FROM THE READING OF THE GRADES: Muḥammad Fuʼād ʻAbd al-Bāqī is no longer named as a grader on this page: the row the ḥadīth dataset gives in his name is al-Albānī’s ruling as it is printed with ʻAbd al-Bāqī’s edition of Ibn Mājah, read at Shamela through its page reader, not in print, and the edition gives no verdict of its own beyond quoting az-Zawāʼid; al-Albānī’s grade stands where it stood, and earlier records keep their words.

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Al-Kabīr