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Name 37 of 99
الكبير

The Great

Al-Kabīr

The redrawn map — everything smaller than we thought.

Meaning

From k-b-r, which Ibn Fāris makes one sound root meaning the contrary of smallness; and ar-Rāghib adds the thing this Name turns on, that great and small are correlative words, said only when one thing is weighed against another, so that a thing is small beside one and great beside the next. Al-Kabīr is not the largest item on that scale but the end of it. Of Allah the word stands six times: five with the article — four beside Al-ʻAlī, once beside Al-Mutaʻāl — and once without it. Kibriyāʼ, supreme grandeur, is His alone, and Ibn al-Athīr says it is predicated of no one else: His cloak, which no creature may reach for. From the same root comes the takbīr, which opens the prayer and marks its movements.

Root k-b-r — one sound root: the contrary of smallness

Counted by hand from the Tanzil text, k-b-r gives about a hundred and sixty words once the look-alikes are set aside — kawkab, the r-k-b family and two others. The definite al-Kabīr stands eight times, and only five of the eight are said of Allah: 13:9, 22:62, 31:30, 34:23 and, in the genitive, 40:12. The other three describe created things: al-faḍl al-kabīr at 35:32 and 42:22, and al-fawz al-kabīr at 85:11. The indefinite kabīr is never said of Allah — it is a sin at 2:219, corruption at 8:73, a reward at 11:11, a day at 11:3, error at 67:9, an aged man at 28:23 and 12:78 — the one exception being the accusative at 4:34, beside ʻalīyan, which makes the count of Him six and not five. The definite elative is never said of Allah in either gender: al-Akbar goes to the greater ḥajj at 9:3, the greatest terror at 21:103 and the greater punishment at 32:21 and 88:24, and al-Kubrā to a seizing, a sign, a calamity and a fire. Ibn Fāris: one sound root meaning the contrary of smallness, and under it al-kibar, old age, and al-kibr and al-kibriyāʼ, greatness. Ar-Rāghib: al-kabīr and aṣ-ṣaghīr are correlative names, said when one thing is weighed against another; and at 21:58 the idol is called their great one by their own estimate of it and not for any worth in it. Ibn al-Athīr gives three readings of Allāhu akbar — that it means al-Kabīr, afʻal for faʻīl; that it is greater than everything with min elided; or that He is greater than that the reality of His kibriyāʼ should be known — and al-Muṭarrizī calls the first weak. Al-Jawharī gives the rule it rests on: one does not say akbar until it is joined to min or takes the article. Aṭ-Ṭabarī on 13:9: al-kabīr is the One beneath whom every thing is, al-mutaʻāl the One raised over every thing by His power; on 6:19 he reads the answer as Allah, in whose testimony none of the error possible in another’s can occur. Reports: al-Bukhārī 2993; Muslim 2620; al-Bukhārī 2992 with Muslim 2704a. Supplications at Muslim 601 and Muslim 1342. The list of Names at at-Tirmidhī 3507 carries al-Kabīr, and is ḍaʻīf by al-Albānī, Aḥmad Shākir and Darussalam.

Story

Tariq’s maps hung in the palaces of three kingdoms, and he had spent his life making them more accurate. That was the trouble. Every time he improved one, the world got bigger and everything on it got smaller.

The first map he ever drew, as a boy, had his own town in the middle at a generous size. By thirty he had learned enough to shrink it to a dot. His country, which in his childhood maps had filled the sheet, became one shape among many; the sea that had seemed the edge of everything turned out to be a small sea, with far larger ones beyond it. Each correction was a demotion. He kept the old maps in a chest, and taking them out was like reading the diary of a man who had thought he lived at the center of things.

“Does it not depress you?” a patron once asked. “You have spent forty years proving your homeland is small.” Tariq shook his head. “I have spent forty years learning what large actually means,” he said.

He had been wrong in print, too, which the patron did not ask about. A strait he had drawn from three secondhand accounts turned out not to exist, and a captain who trusted the sheet lost a season and some of his cargo finding that out. Tariq issued a correction and paid what he could and was not forgiven. He kept that map in the chest with the others, on top.

At the end of his life he was still redrawing. He had come to expect it. Whatever he currently believed to be the largest thing, he now assumed, would turn out to be a detail on the edge of something greater — and beyond that, greater still, without any final sheet on which the whole would fit.

Poem

Put your whole hand against the bark
of the oldest living sequoia, fingers spread as wide as they’ll go.
It covers less of that trunk
than a grain of pollen covers a field.

A moment ago, you were the largest thing
you’d stood beside all day.
Not here. Not anymore.

This tree was already a thousand years old
when the stones of certain ancient cities
were still being quarried.
It will likely be standing
long after the cities rising today
are names in histories no one has written yet.

It did not grow this way to be noticed.
It grew ring by ring, century folded into century,
indifferent to whether anyone ever stood beside it
to feel small.

And still — the tree is only the largest thing
you happen to have stood beside so far.
Somewhere the mountain does to the sequoia
what the sequoia just did to you;
the earth does it to the mountain;
the night sky does it to the earth.
Every greatest thing turns out to be
standing next to something.

Al-Kabīr is the end of that line —
not the biggest entry on the list,
but the reason the list never closes:
the Greater
that every greatness, measured at last,
is standing next to.

Reflection

The Greater

The most repeated sentence in Islam is not, strictly, “Allah is great.” It is Allāhu Akbar — Allah is Greater — and the sentence never says greater than what. In Arabic the comparison simply does not finish. That is not a grammatical accident; it is the theology entire. Complete the sentence with anything — greater than the mountains, than the age of the stars, than your fear — and you have already shrunk it, because now the Name stands next to a thing, and Al-Kabīr does not stand next to things.

Look where the religion spends the word. It opens the call to prayer. It opens the prayer itself — hands raised, as if setting the world down behind you — and nearly every movement inside the prayer is made on it: the descent to the bow, the fall to the ground, the rising again. A practicing Muslim will say it scores of times before nightfall. Which means the day is deliberately interrupted, over and over, by an out-ranking: greater than the shop you just closed, greater than the argument you were winning, greater than the grief you carried in through the door. The takbīr does not deny that these things are large. It denies that they are largest.

For everything else is large only next to something. That is what largeness has always meant — a thing and a smaller thing, with the greatness living in the gap between them. Remove the smaller term and the greatness goes with it. Al-Kabīr is not the last and largest item reached by going far enough along that road; He is not on the road. Beside Him every large thing is a small thing standing next to something, and He stands next to nothing: the Great, the Exalted, spoken over the whole of it from outside it.

One warning stands in the middle of this Name, and it is among the sternest sentences He ever spoke of Himself: Might is His lower garment and grandeur is His cloak; whoever contends with Me over them, I will punish him. Nothing else in us is described as theft of His clothing. Not our wealth, not even our sins of appetite — only our bigness. So no: greatness does not live in seed form within everyone. That is precisely the seed this Name is given to kill. What lives in everyone is the takbīr — the word, not the attribute — and the two could not be less alike: one swells the self, the other sets it down.

And yet the word is handed most freely to the small. It is given to the mourner — the funeral prayer is built on four takbīrs, with no bowing and no prostration at all — to the outnumbered, to those who have fasted a month, on the morning of Eid, to the patient in the year of bad news. Whenever a human being faces something that fills the whole map, the religion does not say the thing is small. It says the sentence that never finishes: Greater. Say it slowly, and mean the grammar. Whatever is filling your sky has just been placed inside a comparison it cannot win.

Allāhu Akbar never finishes its comparison — whatever fills your sky today, the sentence has already outgrown it.

Qurʼan

حَتَّىٰ إِذَا فُزِّعَ عَن قُلُوبِهِمْ قَالُوا مَاذَا قَالَ رَبُّكُمْ ۖ قَالُوا الْحَقَّ ۖ وَهُوَ الْعَلِيُّ الْكَبِيرُ

Until, when terror is lifted from their hearts, they will say: What did your Lord say? They will say: The truth. And He is the Most High, the Great.

34:23 (Qurʼan, opens quran.com)

Said by the angels, and, the list of Names and a ruqyah aside, the one place in the six books where the definite Name is carried in a report of the Prophet ﷺ as well: al-Bukhārī 7481, on Name 36’s Ḥadīth page, gives these words in his mouth. Aṭ-Ṭabarī glosses fuzziʻa ʻan qulūbihim as the fright being cleared from their hearts and gone; Ibn Kathīr, from Ibn Masʻūd and Masrūq, reads the shaking as what takes the inhabitants of the heavens when they hear the speech. Whatever the Name means, it is large enough to be the thing that awes those who stand nearest. Shared with Name 36, which carries it for the first of the pair.

عَالِمُ الْغَيْبِ وَالشَّهَادَةِ الْكَبِيرُ الْمُتَعَالِ

Knower of the unseen and the witnessed, the Great, the Most Exalted.

13:9 (Qurʼan, opens quran.com)

Greatness named immediately after a statement about knowledge — magnitude that includes rather than merely exceeds. Aṭ-Ṭabarī: al-kabīr is the One beneath whom every thing is; al-mutaʻāl is the One raised over every thing by His power, and he notes the form, mutafāʻil from al-ʻuluww as mutaqārib is from qurb and mutadānin from dunuww. It is the only one of the five divine occurrences that does not take al-ʻAlī, and it takes the participle of the same root instead. Ar-Rāghib cites this verse for the sense of rank rather than of bulk. Shared with Name 78, Al-Mutaʻālī.

ذَٰلِكَ بِأَنَّ اللَّهَ هُوَ الْحَقُّ وَأَنَّ مَا يَدْعُونَ مِن دُونِهِ الْبَاطِلُ وَأَنَّ اللَّهَ هُوَ الْعَلِيُّ الْكَبِيرُ

That is because Allah is the Truth, and what they call upon besides Him is falsehood, and because Allah is the Most High, the Great.

31:30 (Qurʼan, opens quran.com)

The same sentence as 22:62 below, with huwa dropped before al-bāṭil. Aṭ-Ṭabarī: al-ʻalī is possessed of loftiness over every thing, and all that is beneath Him is abased to Him; al-kabīr is the one before whom every thing is made small. The comparison implied throughout is never between Him and a lesser thing, but between Him and what turns out not to be there at all — which is ar-Rāghib’s point about the word turned on its head, since a correlative name needs a second term and the second term here is falsehood.

ذَٰلِكُم بِأَنَّهُ إِذَا دُعِيَ اللَّهُ وَحْدَهُ كَفَرْتُمْ ۖ وَإِن يُشْرَكْ بِهِ تُؤْمِنُوا ۚ فَالْحُكْمُ لِلَّهِ الْعَلِيِّ الْكَبِيرِ

That is because, when Allah alone was invoked, you disbelieved; but when others were associated with Him, you believed. So the judgment belongs to Allah, the Most High, the Great.

40:12 (Qurʼan, opens quran.com)

The sixth definite occurrence of al-ʻAlī and the fifth of this Name, and the only one of either in the genitive, following li-llāh. Aṭ-Ṭabarī: the judgement is Allah’s, the High over every thing, the Great before whom every thing is made small that Day. The rebuke is to those who split their belief between Allah and what they set beside Him: judgement, like the calling, belongs to Him alone. Shared with Names 36 and 66.

ذَٰلِكَ بِأَنَّ اللَّهَ هُوَ الْحَقُّ وَأَنَّ مَا يَدْعُونَ مِن دُونِهِ هُوَ الْبَاطِلُ وَأَنَّ اللَّهَ هُوَ الْعَلِيُّ الْكَبِيرُ

That is because Allah is the Truth, and what they call upon besides Him is falsehood, and because Allah is the Most High, the Great.

22:62 (Qurʼan, opens quran.com)

The first of the four places al-ʻAlī stands with al-Kabīr in the Book’s order; 31:30, 34:23 and 40:12 follow. This page carries all four. Name 36 carries all four as well, and the verse stands there for the first Name of the pair. Aṭ-Ṭabarī: al-kabīr is the great one than whom nothing is greater and beneath whom every thing is. Ibn Kathīr sets the close beside 2:255 and beside al-Kabīr al-Mutaʻāl at 13:9.

فَإِنْ أَطَعْنَكُمْ فَلَا تَبْغُوا عَلَيْهِنَّ سَبِيلًا ۗ إِنَّ اللَّهَ كَانَ عَلِيًّا كَبِيرًا

So if they obey you, seek no way against them. Truly Allah is ever Most High, Great.

4:34 (Qurʼan, opens quran.com)

The one place in the Qurʼan the word is said of Allah without the article, and the reason the count of Him is six and not five. Ibn Kathīr reads the close as a threat to men who overstep against women without cause: Allah al-ʻAlī al-Kabīr is the protector of those women and takes retribution from whoever wrongs them. The two Names of magnitude are set down on a domestic relation, and set against the stronger party in it. The page carries the closing clauses; the verse entire is longer. Shared with Names 36 and 63.

وَلَهُ الْكِبْرِيَاءُ فِي السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضِ ۖ وَهُوَ الْعَزِيزُ الْحَكِيمُ

His is the grandeur in the heavens and the earth, and He is the Mighty, the Wise.

45:37 (Qurʼan, opens quran.com)

The Name’s own noun, al-kibriyāʼ, stated as His. Ibn al-Athīr reads it as greatness and dominion, or as the perfection of essence and of existence, and says plainly that none but Allah is described by it; the Qurʼan bears that out, since its only other occurrence, at 10:78, is the grandeur in the land that Pharaoh’s people accuse Mūsā and Hārūn of seeking. Aṭ-Ṭabarī sets the verse after 45:36, the praise of the Lord of the heavens and of the earth and of all the worlds. This is the noun the cloak report calls His garment, on the Ḥadīth page, and the noun that grounds Name 10, Al-Mutakabbir, where the verse is also carried. Aṭ-Ṭabarī’s gloss is al-ʻaẓamah and as-sulṭān, His in the heavens and the earth and not the gods’ set up beside Him.

ثُمَّ أَوْرَثْنَا الْكِتَابَ الَّذِينَ اصْطَفَيْنَا مِنْ عِبَادِنَا ۖ فَمِنْهُمْ ظَالِمٌ لِنَفْسِهِ وَمِنْهُمْ مُقْتَصِدٌ وَمِنْهُمْ سَابِقٌ بِالْخَيْرَاتِ بِإِذْنِ اللَّهِ ۚ ذَٰلِكَ هُوَ الْفَضْلُ الْكَبِيرُ

Then We gave the Book as an inheritance to those We chose of Our servants; and among them is one who wrongs himself, and among them one who is moderate, and among them one who is foremost in good deeds by the permission of Allah. That is the great bounty.

35:32 (Qurʼan, opens quran.com)

The first of the three places the definite al-Kabīr is not said of Allah: what is called great here is al-faḍl, the bounty, and the same clause closes 42:22. Aṭ-Ṭabarī collects the commentators dividing over who the chosen are and what the Book is, and gives from Ibn ʻAbbās that they are the community of Muḥammad ﷺ, its wrongdoer forgiven, its moderate one reckoned with easily, its foremost one admitted without reckoning. The first reading he records takes the Book as the scriptures sent down before the Furqān. Read with ar-Rāghib’s correlative rule, the placing is exact: a bounty can be called great because there is a smaller bounty to set beside it, and that is the whole difference between this use of the word and the five above.

لَهُمْ جَنَّاتٌ تَجْرِي مِنْ تَحْتِهَا الْأَنْهَارُ ۚ ذَٰلِكَ الْفَوْزُ الْكَبِيرُ

They will have gardens beneath which rivers flow. That is the great triumph.

85:11 (Qurʼan, opens quran.com)

The third of the three, and the word is said of al-fawz, the triumph. Aṭ-Ṭabarī places it on the very people burned in the trench and the rest of the people of tawḥīd: those who affirmed the oneness of Allah and worked righteousness have gardens, and that is the great triumph. So the definite form of this Name is spent, in three of its eight occurrences, on what is given to servants rather than on the Giver — which is what the entry’s own argument needs, since a triumph is great only beside a lesser one. The page carries the two closing clauses.

إِنَّ لَهُ أَبًا شَيْخًا كَبِيرًا فَخُذْ أَحَدَنَا مَكَانَهُ

Truly he has a father, an aged man; so take one of us in his place.

12:78 (Qurʼan, opens quran.com)

Kabīr in its other sense, which Ibn Fāris files under the same root and the lexicons call al-kibar, old age; the Qurʼan uses it so of Yaʻqūb here and of the father of the two women at Madyan, Mūsā’s father-in-law, at 28:23. Aṭ-Ṭabarī: they mean Yaʻqūb, and they say he is greatly attached to the boy. Ar-Rāghib sets this sense first among the borrowings, as the case where what is weighed is time. The same word, in the construct, is their chief or their eldest at 12:80 and 21:63, and at 20:71 and 26:49 it is what Pharaoh calls the man who taught the magicians.

وَلَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ وَلِيٌّ مِنَ الذُّلِّ ۖ وَكَبِّرْهُ تَكْبِيرًا

And He has no ally out of abasement; and magnify Him with all magnification.

17:111 (Qurʼan, opens quran.com)

The root as a command, and the only occurrence of takbīran in the Qurʼan; 2:185, 22:37 and 74:3 give the verb with Allah as its object. Aṭ-Ṭabarī reads the three denials before it as one argument — no child, so He is not a thing brought up under a lord; no partner in dominion, so He needs no help; no ally taken out of any abasement in Him, since whoever needs another’s help is abased — and the takbīr is what follows from all three. Note what the Qurʼan does not contain: the sentence Allāhu akbar is not in it, and where the definite elative does stand it is never of Allah, going instead to the greater ḥajj at 9:3, the greatest terror at 21:103 and the greater punishment at 32:21 and 88:24. Carried at Name 25 for the close of abasement.

Dua

اللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ كَبِيرًا وَالْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ كَثِيرًا وَسُبْحَانَ اللَّهِ بُكْرَةً وَأَصِيلًا

Allah is greater — greatest; and much praise be to Allah; and glory be to Allah morning and evening.

Muslim 601 · ṣaḥīḥ

From Ibn ʻUmar. A man in the congregation said it while they were praying; the Prophet ﷺ asked who had spoken, and said that it astonished him, that the gates of heaven had been opened for it — and Ibn ʻUmar adds that he never left the words off after hearing that. Muslim publishes no grade rows, so the verdict is bare. Ibn al-Athīr parses the very wording: kabīran is in the accusative by an understood verb, as though the speaker said ukabbiru kabīran, or else cut off from the name of Allah. On Allāhu akbar itself he gives three readings — that it means al-Kabīr, afʻal standing for faʻīl; that it is greater than everything, with min elided; or that He is greater than that the reality of His kibriyāʼ should be known — and al-Muṭarrizī calls the first of the three weak. On any of the three the comparison is not completed in the sentence itself.

كَبَّرَ ثَلَاثًا ثُمَّ قَالَ سُبْحَانَ الَّذِي سَخَّرَ لَنَا هَٰذَا وَمَا كُنَّا لَهُ مُقْرِنِينَ وَإِنَّا إِلَىٰ رَبِّنَا لَمُنقَلِبُونَ

He would say Allāhu akbar three times, then say: Glory be to the One who has subjected this to us, when we could not have mastered it; and truly to our Lord we are returning.

Muslim 1342 · ṣaḥīḥ

From Ibn ʻUmar, who taught it to them: what the Prophet ﷺ said on settling onto his mount to set out. The takbīr comes first and three times over, and what follows it says why — the animal under him was subjected to him and he could not have mastered it himself. It is the same movement as the Ḥadīth page’s ascending and descending, fixed at the start of a journey rather than along it. The words quoted are the opening; the report continues at length with the asking for righteousness and mindfulness on the road, and what to say on returning. Carried at Name 79 for the righteousness asked for there.

Hadith

كُنَّا إِذَا صَعِدْنَا كَبَّرْنَا وَإِذَا نَزَلْنَا سَبَّحْنَا

When we ascended we would say Allāhu akbar, and when we descended we would say subḥān Allāh.

al-Bukhārī 2993 · ṣaḥīḥ

Jābir ibn ʻAbdillāh, describing travel, through Sālim ibn Abī l-Jaʻd. Every rise in the ground is answered with the comparative and every descent with the declaring of glory, so that no height a person actually gains is ever the last term. The report stands immediately beside the one below it in al-Bukhārī’s Book of Jihād, and the two are a pair: this one gives the practice and that one gives its limit.

الْعِزُّ إِزَارُهُ وَالْكِبْرِيَاءُ رِدَاؤُهُ فَمَن يُنَازِعُنِي عَذَّبْتُهُ

Might is His lower garment and grandeur is His cloak; whoever contends with Me over them, I will punish him.

Muslim 2620 · ṣaḥīḥ

From Abū Saʻīd al-Khudrī and Abū Hurayrah jointly, through Abū Muslim al-Agharr. The Name’s own noun, al-kibriyāʼ, is stated as a garment, and contending for it is the one thing named as the taking of His clothing. Another wording of the same report stands at Abū Dāwūd 4090 and Ibn Mājah 4174, from Abū Hurayrah alone, ṣaḥīḥ by al-Albānī, giving al-kibriyāʼ as the cloak and al-ʻaẓamah as the lower garment and closing qadhaftuhu fī n-nār at Abū Dāwūd and alqaytuhu fī jahannam at Ibn Mājah. It is one report in two wordings and not two texts: Abū Dāwūd’s teacher Hannād gives it through the same al-Agharr from Abū Hurayrah, and the wordings part below him; his other teacher, Mūsā ibn Ismāʻīl, names a Salmān al-Agharr, whom al-Mizzī holds to be another man, so the identity rests on Hannād’s line. Ar-Rāghib and az-Zabīdī both quote the report in the al-ʻaẓamah wording, with qaṣamtuhu for the close.

إِذَا أَشْرَفْنَا عَلَىٰ وَادٍ هَلَّلْنَا وَكَبَّرْنَا ارْتَفَعَتْ أَصْوَاتُنَا … يَا أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ ارْبَعُوا عَلَىٰ أَنْفُسِكُمْ فَإِنَّكُمْ لَا تَدْعُونَ أَصَمَّ وَلَا غَائِبًا إِنَّهُ مَعَكُمْ إِنَّهُ سَمِيعٌ قَرِيبٌ

Whenever we came up over a valley we would say lā ilāha illā llāh and Allāhu akbar, and our voices would rise … O people, go easy on yourselves, for you are not calling upon one deaf or absent. He is with you; He is Hearing, Near.

al-Bukhārī 2992 · ṣaḥīḥ (muttafaq ʻalayh)

From Abū Mūsā al-Ashʻarī, through Abū ʻUthmān an-Nahdī, and the limit set on the practice the report above describes. What is corrected is not the takbīr but the volume, and the reason given is about the One addressed rather than about the men: loudness is what a caller uses on someone deaf or far off, and neither is the case. So the sentence that outranks everything is not to be shouted. The wording printed is al-Bukhārī’s, which closes tabāraka smuhu wa-taʻālā jadduhu; Muslim 2704a has the men raising their voices with the takbīr and reads innakum tadʻūna samīʻan qarīban wa-huwa maʻakum, and continues with the word said to ʻAbdullāh ibn Qays about the treasure of Paradise.

Study Notes

Verified — directly attested

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CARRIED ON THIS PAGE: ELEVEN ayat. Carried before and now with named commentators: 34:23, said by the angels, SHARED WITH NAME 36; 13:9, al-Kabīr al-Mutaʻāl, SHARED WITH NAME 78; 31:30, SHARED WITH NAME 36, and 40:12, SHARED WITH NAMES 36 AND 66.

ADDED: 22:62, the first place the pairing with al-ʻAlī stands in the Book’s order and the last one this page lacked, SHARED WITH NAME 36 (corrected in build 161); 4:34, THE ONE PLACE THE WORD IS SAID OF ALLAH WITHOUT THE ARTICLE, SHARED WITH NAMES 36 AND 63; 45:37, al-kibriyāʼ, which the entry named and this note said stood at no Name in the book, though NAME 10 HAS CARRIED IT ALL ALONG; 35:32 and 85:11, TWO OF THE THREE PLACES THE DEFINITE AL-KABĪR IS NOT SAID OF ALLAH; 12:78, where kabīr means aged; and 17:111, the takbīr as a command, SHARED WITH NAME 25. All seven are appended, the four existing sub-items keep their positions, and the distinct Qurʼan-page verse count in Notes on This Edition moves from 390 to 393.

NAMED HERE BUT NOT CARRIED ON THIS PAGE: 2:255, carried at Name 33 and Name 36 and Name 38 and Name 62 and Name 63; 42:22, 8:73, 11:11, 11:3, 67:9, 28:23, 9:3, 21:103, 32:21, 88:24, 21:58, 6:19, 45:36, 12:80, 21:63, 20:71, 26:49, 2:185, 22:37 and 74:3, all carried at NO Name; 10:78, carried at Name 10 (from build 182, by the author’s decision, A25); 2:219, carried at Name 82.

CORRECTED ON THE RECORD, THE COUNTS, AND THE ENTRY HAD NONE AT ALL: counted by hand from the Tanzil text with strip, k-b-r gives about a hundred and sixty words once the look-alikes are removed by inspection — kawkab, the r-k-b family, mukibb at 67:22 and ka-bāsiṭ at 13:14. THE DEFINITE AL-KABĪR STANDS EIGHT TIMES AND ONLY FIVE OF THE EIGHT ARE SAID OF ALLAH: 13:9, 22:62, 31:30, 34:23 and, in the genitive, 40:12. THE OTHER THREE ARE SAID OF CREATED THINGS — al-faḍl al-kabīr at 35:32 and 42:22, and al-fawz al-kabīr at 85:11 — which is the shape this book has learned to look for, and the earlier note had said instead that the ayat count here was clean.

IT WAS NOT CLEAN IN THE OTHER DIRECTION EITHER: the entry named five verses and the page carried four, because 22:62 sat at Name 36 alone under an arrangement both Guide entries called a division of the pairing by design. That rested on the claim, also in the ref, that the pairing with al-ʻAlī is ONE STATEMENT MADE TWICE. IT IS MADE FOUR TIMES, and the unattributed appeal to what the tradition reads is removed rather than reattributed. Name 36’s pass corrected this from its side; this page now matches it.

FOUND, AND IT CHANGES THE COUNT OF ALLAH: the indefinite kabīr is never said of Allah — it is a sin, corruption, a reward, a day, error, an aged man — EXCEPT at 4:34, where the accusative kabīran stands beside ʻalīyan. So the word is said of Him SIX times and not five.

FOUND, THE ELATIVE: the definite al-Akbar is NEVER said of Allah in the Qurʼan, and neither is the feminine al-Kubrā. Al-Akbar goes to the greater ḥajj, the greatest terror and the greater punishment; al-Kubrā to a seizing, a sign, a calamity and a fire. Nor does the sentence Allāhu akbar occur in the Qurʼan at all; it comes from the Sunnah, and the Book gives the verb instead, at 17:111, 2:185, 22:37 and 74:3 (74:3 named in build 161). The nearest the elative comes to Him is 6:19, where the question which thing is greatest in testimony is answered with Allah — AND THERE IT IS COMPLETED, by a specifying accusative. This is stated because MEDS 37 and POEMS 37 both build on the comparison never finishing, and a reader is owed the one place it does.

CORRECTED, THE ROOT: glossBasis was desc, the gloss was the single word greatness, and senseNote was null; rootRelation was already shared-explicit to al-mutakabbir and is unchanged. IBN FĀRIS DEFINES THIS ROOT BY NEGATION — one sound root meaning the contrary of smallness — and files old age, greatness and kibriyāʼ under it. AR-RĀGHIB SUPPLIES WHAT THE WHOLE ENTRY HAD BEEN ASSERTING WITHOUT A NAME: al-kabīr and aṣ-ṣaghīr are of the correlative names, said only when one thing is weighed against another, so that a thing is small beside one and great beside the next. That is the reflection’s central sentence and the poem’s last stanza, and it now has a lexicographer behind it. Ar-Rāghib also reads 21:58 exactly: the idol is called their great one by their own estimate of it, not for any real worth in it. READ, in one fetch of the Hawramani aggregator, which surfaced for this root with sixteen dictionaries: IBN FĀRIS HIMSELF, for the first time in this book rather than through transcription, and with him ar-Rāghib’s Mufradāt, Lisān al-ʻArab, Ibn al-Athīr’s Nihāyah, Lane, al-Jawharī’s Ṣiḥāḥ, Ibn Sīdah’s Muḥkam, al-Fayyūmī’s Miṣbāḥ, al-Muṭarrizī’s Mughrib, az-Zamakhsharī’s Asās, ar-Rāzī’s Mukhtār, aṣ-Ṣāḥib ibn ʻAbbād, Abū Mūsā al-Madīnī, Abū Ḥayyān, al-Fattinī and az-Zabīdī’s Tāj al-ʻArūs, with al-Azharī and Sībawayh quoted inside Lisān. Ibn Fāris was also read in two independent transcriptions, agreeing word for word. NOT READ in a printed edition; all of it on screen.

SEEN ONLY IN QUOTATION AND THEREFORE NOT USED: al-Khaṭṭābī’s Shaʼn ad-Duʻāʼ and az-Zajjājī on this Name, both of which a secondary page quotes attractively; nothing is taken from either.

CORRECTED, THE REF: it carried two long citation forms the house forms forbid, Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim 601 and Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī 2993; it named no lexicon; it gave no count; it appealed to the grammarians and to many exegetes without naming one of them; AND IT SAID 45:37 STOOD AT NO NAME WHEN NAME 10 CARRIED IT. All are fixed, and the grammar is now attributed — Ibn al-Athīr’s three readings, al-Muṭarrizī calling the first of them weak, and al-Jawharī’s rule that one does not say akbar until it is joined to min or takes the article.

CORRECTED, THE QURʼAN NOTES: none of the four carried a named commentator, and all four now do. ONE duʻāʼ BECOMES TWO. MUSLIM 601 HAD NO GRADE AT ALL, which the whole-book audit had been counting; it now reads a bare ṣaḥīḥ, correctly, Muslim publishing no grade rows, and its note gains Ibn al-Athīr’s parsing of the very phrase Allāhu akbar kabīran.

ADDED: Muslim 1342, the three takbīrs said on setting out, SHARED WITH NAME 79, which also carried it with no grade; both now read the same source and the same grade, and the reciprocal duʻāʼ link is written at both ends. TWO aḥādīth BECOME THREE.

A PRODUCTION REMARK WAS SITTING IN CONTENT: the note at Muslim 2620 carried the words corrected 103 PR and a line of capitals in the middle of a sentence, which is apparatus and not text. Every claim in it was checked and all of it holds, so the substance is kept and the remark is gone.

ADDED: al-Bukhārī 2992 with Muslim 2704a, the report that stands immediately beside al-Bukhārī 2993 and sets the limit on it — go easy on yourselves, you are not calling upon one deaf or absent.

MEDS 37 CORRECTED IN TWO PLACES: it gave the cloak report in words of its own while introducing it as a sentence He spoke, and it now matches the Ḥadīth page exactly; and it said the takbīr is given to the fasting on the morning of Eid, WHICH IS THE ONE MORNING OF THE YEAR ON WHICH FASTING IS FORBIDDEN. The clause now reads to those who have fasted a month. POEMS 37 and CH 37 read and left. The sequoia ages hold: the oldest giant sequoias are something over three thousand years old, so a thousand years of growth before the quarrying of ancient cities is sound. The opening simile, that a spread hand covers less of the trunk than a grain of pollen covers a field, IS HYPERBOLE AND NOT A MEASUREMENT — taken as a measurement it is wrong by many orders of magnitude — and it is left as a figure rather than rewritten, which is a judgement and is recorded as one.

OPEN: no lexicon was read in a printed edition.

OPEN: whether the definite elative never being said of Allah should be carried on the page rather than stated in the ref and in the note at 17:111.

COHERENCE: Name 36 gains two reciprocal quran links and no change of text; Name 10 gains one at its 45:37; Name 25 gains one at its 17:111; Name 79 gains a duʻāʼ grade it lacked and a reciprocal link. Name 78, Al-Mutaʻālī, shares 13:9 and is unchanged, and its rootRelation now points at Name 36.

HYGIENE AFTER NAME 61: the Duʻāʼ note on Muslim 601 narrated the page’s own editing — The grade was missing and is now given: Muslim publishes no grade rows, so the bare verdict is right — and the clause is removed with the fact it carried kept.

AFTER NAME 82: 2:219 is now carried at Name 82 too, and this note says so.

IN BUILD 161, FROM THE PHASE 2 READING: the 22:62 note and the carried line give 22:62 as the first of the four pairings with al-ʻAlī in the Book’s order, and the 12:78 note gives 28:23’s aged man as the father of the two women at Madyan, Mūsā’s father-in-law. The 17:111 note and the record add 74:3 to the verb with Allah as its object, and the named line names it. The 34:23 note sets aside the list of Names and a ruqyah; the notes and the carried line name every share, 66 for 40:12, 63 for 4:34 and 25 for 17:111 among them; the 22:62, 45:37 and 12:78 notes no longer narrate the page’s editing or point at a remark the desc does not make, and the 45:37 note gives aṭ-Ṭabarī’s gloss of al-kibriyāʼ and the 35:32 note his first reading of the Book. The cloak note gives each of Abū Dāwūd and Ibn Mājah its own close; the source cites al-Bukhārī 2992, the record carrying the printed wording, with Muslim 2704a in the note. The ref sets its dashes as the book does, the desc no longer calls the takbīr the most-spoken sentence, and the remark on Name 78 is brought up to date. The reflection’s superlative and the elative’s carriage wait on the author (A49).

BY THE AUTHOR’S DECISIONS OF 2026-09-25, IN BUILD 182: the named line gives 10:78 a clause of its own, carried at Name 10, where the author’s decision now carries it (A25).

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