The Ninety-Nine Names99 Names, home
Name 86 of 99
المقسط

The Equitable

Al-Muqsiṭ

The land returned — eleven years, and nobody satisfied.

Meaning

Qisṭ is justice: aṭ-Ṭabarī at 3:18 takes the word from huwa muqsiṭ and qad aqsaṭa, when a man acts justly, and reads qāʼiman bi-l-qisṭ as Allah taking charge of justice among His creation. The root stands 25 times. Qisṭ 15: Allah’s own doing 5 (He upholds it, 3:18; repays with it, 10:4; judgment between them with it, and they are not wronged, 10:47, 10:54; the scales He sets, 21:47); commanded of people or sent for them 9; those who command it, killed, 3:21. Aqsaṭ, more equitable in the sight of Allah, 2. The fourth form, the Name’s own, 6, every one of people; three are Allah loves the equitable. Al-qāsiṭūn, who swerve from the truth, 2 (72:14–15). The Name stands in no āyah; in the six ḥadīth editions, of Allah only in the lists.

Root q-s-ṭ — justice (qisṭ, aqsaṭa); swerving from the truth (qāsiṭ)

Counted on the Tanzil text, every word read in its verse: 27 returns, two of them qisṭās (17:35, 26:182), which aṭ-Ṭabarī records as the steelyard, the balance, or with Mujāhid justice in the Rūmī tongue, and which are not counted here. Qisṭ 15: Allah’s own doing 5 (3:18, 10:4, 10:47, 10:54, 21:47); Allah commands it at 7:29 and sends the messengers with the Book and the balance so that people uphold it at 57:25; people commanded to it 7 (4:127, 4:135, 5:8, 5:42, 6:152, 11:85, 55:9); those who command it among people, killed, 3:21. Aqsaṭ ʻinda llāh 2 (2:282, 33:5); aṭ-Ṭabarī at 2:282: more just in the sight of Allah, from aqsaṭa l-ḥākim, when a judge is just in his ruling. The fourth form’s verb 3 (4:3, 49:9, 60:8); al-muqsiṭīn 3 (5:42, 49:9, 60:8), each in the clause inna llāha yuḥibbu l-muqsiṭīn. Al-qāsiṭūn 2 (72:14–15), said by the jinn of some among them: aṭ-Ṭabarī, those who swerve from Islam and the straight way; Ibn ʻAbbās, those who turn from the truth; Mujāhid, the wrongdoers; Ibn Zayd, al-muqsiṭ is the just and al-qāsiṭ the unjust. Aṭ-Ṭabarī reads al-muqsiṭīn at 5:42 and 49:9 as those just in their rulings, and at 60:8 holds that the permission covers all, of every faith, who did not fight. The six ḥadīth editions carry muqsiṭ in 14 records: of Allah only in the lists at at-Tirmidhī 3507 and Ibn Mājah 3861; of ʻĪsā son of Maryam descending as a judge in seven (al-Bukhārī 2222, 2476; Muslim 155a, 155b; at-Tirmidhī 2233; Ibn Mājah 4077, 4078); of the ruler in two (Muslim 2865a, Abū Dāwūd 4843); of the equitable on pulpits of light in two (Muslim 1827, an-Nasāʼī 5379); and an-Nasāʼī 4733 quotes 5:42. Ḥadīth: Muslim 1827; al-Bukhārī 2222. Duʻāʼ: Qurʼan 2:250. Ibn ʻUthaymīn leaves Al-ʻAdl out (Name 29), and this Name is not in his list either; Ibn Mājah 3861’s list carries this Name and not Al-ʻAdl; the two are read together, and the roots are unrelated.

Story

The papers were found in a cellar in 1974, and they proved what four families had always said and had never been able to show: that the terraces above the village had been taken from them in a bad year by a magistrate who had since become a street name.

The men who took the land were long dead. The men who farmed it now had bought it honestly, in good faith, from people who had bought it in good faith before them.

There was no villain available. This is the ordinary shape of old injustice: by the time it can be proven, everyone who could be blamed has gone, and everyone who remains is innocent — and the wrong is still sitting there, doing what it has always done, quietly, in the pattern of who owns what.

The district judge was called Wafa. She was forty-one when the papers reached her and fifty-two when she signed the last of it. She lost two promotions in the middle, the case being politically inconvenient to everyone in turn, and she acquired a reputation for slowness that followed her to the end of her career. She had, by her own count, held ninety-four hearings about water.

What she did took eleven years and pleased almost nobody. She would not simply confirm the current holders, because that ratified the theft. She would not evict the innocent, because that manufactured a new one. She built something slower: a schedule of compensation, a share of the terraces returned, an arrangement of water rights, argued line by line.

A colleague asked her once, not unkindly, what exactly she thought she was accomplishing, given that the man who had done it was past any reach of hers and had a street named after him. She said the street was not her department. She said she was perfectly aware that she could not settle this, and that no one in her courtroom could settle it, and that it was going to be settled — and that in the meantime she would rather be found doing the arithmetic than explaining why she had never started it.

The water reached the four families’ terraces in the spring of 1985, on a schedule she had drafted herself, at an hour specified in the document. Nobody came out to watch it. Wafa had been moved to another district by then, and was hearing a case about a wall.

Poem

One root, and it goes both ways.
Qasaṭa: to lean off true; to swerve from the truth.
The Book has a word for the ones who do it,
and it does not spend long on them —
the jinn sort themselves into those who submitted
and al-qāsiṭūn, and of the second group it says only:
firewood.
That is the whole sentence. Fuel.

Now read the same three letters the other way.
Qisṭ is justice; aqsaṭa is to act with it.
The Book says qisṭ fifteen times
and the qāsiṭūn twice.
One root holds the lean and the level,
and Al-Muqsiṭ is taken from the level —
not a different word for a different virtue:
the same letters, turned toward the truth.

And justice, here, is something more
than portions handed round at the door.
It is the undoing of a lean.
Somebody has been standing on ground that tilts
for four generations and calls it the floor.
Justice is not a gift arriving from outside.
It is the ground coming back to level under him,
and the vertigo of that, and the relief.

And nothing above Him required it.
He said it Himself, and He said it in the first person:
O My servants, I have forbidden wrongdoing to Myself
and made it forbidden among you.
Read it twice. To Myself.
Not: I conform to justice. Not: I am subject to it.
The prohibition issues from Him,
and the first name written under it is His own.

And We shall set up the scales of justice for the Day of Resurrection,
so that no soul will be wronged in the least.
Even if it be the weight of a mustard seed, We will bring it forth.
Bring it forth. Carried in and laid on the pan —
a thing that size, from that long ago,
out of a year nobody now alive remembers.
And then, because exact is not the most He does:
Allah does not wrong so much as an atom’s weight;
and if it is a good deed, He multiplies it.
Justice is the floor here.
It is the worst you will ever get from Him.

Reflection

The Righting

The word carries its own opposite in the same letters. Qisṭ is justice, and aqsaṭa is to act justly; qasaṭa is to swerve from the truth, and the one who does it is the qāsiṭ. The Qurʼan does not linger over him: the jinn sort themselves into those who submitted and the qāsiṭūn, and of the second it says only that they are firewood. One root holds both, and the Book keeps them apart: qisṭ fifteen times, the qāsiṭūn twice. And what this Name asks is more than what we usually mean by fairness. It is not identical treatment, and it is not the dividing of a supply into portions. It is the undoing of a lean: ground that has been tilted for four generations coming back to level under the people standing on it.

And nothing above Him obliged Him to it, because there is nothing above Him. He stated the arrangement Himself, in the first person, and the grammar is the whole point: O My servants, I have forbidden wrongdoing to Myself and made it forbidden among you — so do not wrong one another. Not I comply with justice. Not I am bound by it. The prohibition issues from Him and — as the fourth stanza in the poem has it — the first name written under it is His own. The Arabic is ʻalā nafsī, as He has decreed mercy upon Himself is ʻalā nafsihi. And the Qurʼan puts His oneness and His justice into a single breath: Allah bears witness that there is no god but He — as do the angels and those possessed of knowledge — upholding justice. The witness to tawḥīd and the upholding of justice are not two claims placed side by side. They are one sentence.

Then consider how fine the instrument is. We shall set up the scales of justice for the Day of Resurrection, so that no soul will be wronged in the least. Even if it be the weight of a mustard seed, We will bring it forth. We will bring it forth — carried in and laid on the pan, in the poem’s phrase: a thing that small, out of a year no living person remembers, from a village whose name has changed twice. Every case that ran out of witnesses. Every file that was closed because the file could not be finished. And then, immediately, the thing that decides whether you meet this Name in fear or in relief: Allah does not wrong so much as an atom’s weight; and if it is a good deed, He multiplies it. The scale is exact in one direction and generous in the other. Justice is the floor. Perfectly exact treatment is the least you will ever receive from Him, never the most — which means the only person with cause to dread this Name is the one currently holding something that belongs to somebody else.

Note also where He aims the word when He hands it to us. The Name’s own form is never said of Him in the Qurʼan; what appears, three separate times and in identical wording, is His love for the people who do it — truly Allah loves those who act equitably. And the third of those verses does not place it where it would be comfortable. It places it, in aṭ-Ṭabarī’s reading, on people of every faith: concerning those who did not fight you in religion and did not drive you from your homes, that you deal kindly with them and act equitably toward them. Then the Messenger ﷺ named where the equitable will stand — upon pulpits of light, at the right hand of ar-Raḥmān — and named who they are: those who are just in their rulings, with their families, and in what they are given charge of. The bench and the household in one breath, as though they were the same jurisdiction. They are.

Which is where this stops being comfortable. Nearly everyone can be even-handed with strangers; it is cheap, and it is witnessed. The failures are domestic and unobserved — the child who is easier to be sharp with, the sibling whose version of events has never once been given the benefit you extend to your own, the arrangement at home that runs on somebody’s silent accommodation and has for years. And there is a second thing, harder, and it has the shape old injustice takes in the story at this Name: you are standing, right now, on ground that tilts in your favor and was tilted before you arrived. You did not do it. There is no villain available. Everyone who could be blamed is dead, and everyone still here is innocent, and the wrong is still sitting there, doing what it has always done, quietly, in the pattern of who has what. Was it my fault is not the question the scales will be weighing. What did you do about it once you knew is nearer.

He forbade wrongdoing to Himself before He forbade it to you. Tonight, find the one place where the ground tilts your way and you have been calling it normal — and start leveling it before it is leveled for you.

Qurʼan

شَهِدَ اللَّهُ أَنَّهُ لَا إِلَٰهَ إِلَّا هُوَ وَالْمَلَائِكَةُ وَأُولُو الْعِلْمِ قَائِمًا بِالْقِسْطِ

Allah bears witness that there is no god but He — as do the angels and those possessed of knowledge — upholding justice.

3:18 (Qurʼan, opens quran.com)

Qāʼiman bi-l-qisṭ. Aṭ-Ṭabarī: He is the One who takes charge of justice among His creation; qisṭ is justice, from huwa muqsiṭ and qad aqsaṭa, when a man is just; and qāʼiman stands as a ḥāl. The first of the five places where the noun is Allah’s own doing. Names 29 and 63 carry the same.

وَأَقْسِطُوا ۖ إِنَّ اللَّهَ يُحِبُّ الْمُقْسِطِينَ

And act equitably — truly Allah loves those who act equitably.

49:9 (Qurʼan, opens quran.com)

The fourth form twice in one āyah, the command aqsiṭū and al-muqsiṭīn, after bi-l-ʻadl. Aṭ-Ṭabarī: be just, you believers, in judging between those you judge, not going beyond the judgment of Allah and His Messenger; Allah loves those just in their rulings. The āyah opens on two parties of believers who fight, to be reconciled.

وَأَنَّا مِنَّا الْمُسْلِمُونَ وَمِنَّا الْقَاسِطُونَ ۖ فَمَنْ أَسْلَمَ فَأُولَٰئِكَ تَحَرَّوْا رَشَدًا ۝ وَأَمَّا الْقَاسِطُونَ فَكَانُوا لِجَهَنَّمَ حَطَبًا

Among us are those who submit, and among us are the qāsiṭūn; those who submit have sought the right path — but as for the qāsiṭūn, they are firewood for Hell.

72:14–15 (Qurʼan, opens quran.com)

Said by the jinn of themselves. Aṭ-Ṭabarī: al-qāsiṭūn are those who swerve from Islam and the straight way; Ibn ʻAbbās: those who turn from the truth; Mujāhid: the wrongdoers; Qatādah: the unjust; Ibn Zayd: al-muqsiṭ is the just and al-qāsiṭ the unjust. The root’s first-form participle stands only here.

قُلْ لِمَنْ مَا فِي السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضِ ۖ قُلْ لِلَّهِ ۚ كَتَبَ عَلَىٰ نَفْسِهِ الرَّحْمَةَ

Say: To whom belongs whatever is in the heavens and the earth? Say: To Allah. He has decreed mercy upon Himself.

6:12 (Qurʼan, opens quran.com)

The āyah has no word of the root. Aṭ-Ṭabarī: kataba here is qaḍā, He decreed that He is merciful to His servants, not hastening punishment upon them and accepting their turning back and repentance. Muslim 2577a, carried at Name 29, has ʻalā nafsī with another verb: ḥarramtu ẓ-ẓulma ʻalā nafsī.

إِنَّ اللَّهَ لَا يَظْلِمُ مِثْقَالَ ذَرَّةٍ وَإِن تَكُ حَسَنَةً يُضَاعِفْهَا وَيُؤْتِ مِن لَّدُنْهُ أَجْرًا عَظِيمًا

Truly Allah does not wrong so much as an atom’s weight; and if it is a good deed, He multiplies it and gives from Himself a great reward.

4:40 (Qurʼan, opens quran.com)

The āyah has no word of the root. Aṭ-Ṭabarī reads it with the āyah before: Allah does not withhold from anyone of His creation who spent in His way from what He provided him any of the reward of his spending, in this world or on the Day of Resurrection, not an atom’s weight of it, but repays him for it. 21:47, the scales of justice, stands on this page.

وَإِنْ حَكَمْتَ فَاحْكُم بَيْنَهُم بِالْقِسْطِ ۚ إِنَّ اللَّهَ يُحِبُّ الْمُقْسِطِينَ

And if you judge, then judge between them with equity. Truly Allah loves those who act equitably.

5:42 (Qurʼan, opens quran.com)

Aṭ-Ṭabarī: if they come to you for judgment, judge between them or turn from them, the choice is yours; he gives Ibn ʻAbbās’s report that they were Jews asking about a woman of theirs who had committed adultery, and records others who say it came down on a killing among them. Bi-l-qisṭ, with Mujāhid: with justice. Allah loves those who are just in their judgment between people.

لَا يَنْهَاكُمُ اللَّهُ عَنِ الَّذِينَ لَمْ يُقَاتِلُوكُمْ فِي الدِّينِ وَلَمْ يُخْرِجُوكُم مِّن دِيَارِكُمْ أَن تَبَرُّوهُمْ وَتُقْسِطُوا إِلَيْهِمْ ۚ إِنَّ اللَّهَ يُحِبُّ الْمُقْسِطِينَ

Allah does not forbid you, concerning those who did not fight you in religion and did not drive you from your homes, that you deal kindly with them and act equitably toward them. Truly Allah loves those who act equitably.

60:8 (Qurʼan, opens quran.com)

The fourth form twice: tuqsiṭū and al-muqsiṭīn. Aṭ-Ṭabarī: tuqsiṭū ilayhim, deal justly with them by your kindness and goodness to them. He records readings of it as the believers who stayed in Makkah without emigrating, as Asmāʼ bint Abī Bakr and her mother, and as abrogated, and holds it covers all who did not fight you, of every faith, since Allah did not restrict it. Name 79 carries the same.

وَنَضَعُ الْمَوَازِينَ الْقِسْطَ لِيَوْمِ الْقِيَامَةِ فَلَا تُظْلَمُ نَفْسٌ شَيْئًا ۖ وَإِن كَانَ مِثْقَالَ حَبَّةٍ مِّنْ خَرْدَلٍ أَتَيْنَا بِهَا ۗ وَكَفَىٰ بِنَا حَاسِبِينَ

And We shall set up the scales of justice for the Day of Resurrection, so that no soul will be wronged in the least. Even if it be the weight of a mustard seed, We will bring it forth. And sufficient are We as reckoners.

21:47 (Qurʼan, opens quran.com)

Aṭ-Ṭabarī: the scales of justice, which is al-qisṭ, a singular describing a plural; no soul is wronged by being punished for a sin it did not commit or denied the reward of a deed it did. One of the five places where qisṭ is Allah’s own doing. Name 29 carries the same.

إِنَّهُ يَبْدَأُ الْخَلْقَ ثُمَّ يُعِيدُهُ لِيَجْزِيَ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَعَمِلُوا الصَّالِحَاتِ بِالْقِسْطِ

Truly He begins the creation, then repeats it, that He may repay those who believed and did righteous deeds, in justice.

10:4 (Qurʼan, opens quran.com)

Aṭ-Ṭabarī: He repays their good deeds with good reward in the Hereafter, and that is qisṭ, justice and fairness; Mujāhid: with justice. Names 58 and 59 carry the same.

وَلِكُلِّ أُمَّةٍ رَسُولٌ ۖ فَإِذَا جَاءَ رَسُولُهُمْ قُضِيَ بَيْنَهُمْ بِالْقِسْطِ وَهُمْ لَا يُظْلَمُونَ

And for every nation is a messenger; and when their messenger comes, it is judged between them with justice, and they are not wronged.

10:47 (Qurʼan, opens quran.com)

Aṭ-Ṭabarī, with Mujāhid: when their messenger comes on the Day of Resurrection; it is judged between them with justice, and they are not wronged in the recompense of their deeds in anything. That, he says, is Allah’s judgment between them.

وَلَوْ أَنَّ لِكُلِّ نَفْسٍ ظَلَمَتْ مَا فِي الْأَرْضِ لَافْتَدَتْ بِهِ ۗ وَأَسَرُّوا النَّدَامَةَ لَمَّا رَأَوُا الْعَذَابَ ۖ وَقُضِيَ بَيْنَهُمْ بِالْقِسْطِ ۚ وَهُمْ لَا يُظْلَمُونَ

And if every soul that did wrong had whatever is on the earth, it would offer it as ransom; and they conceal their remorse when they see the punishment; and it is judged between them with justice, and they are not wronged.

10:54 (Qurʼan, opens quran.com)

Aṭ-Ṭabarī: Allah judges on that Day between the followers and the chiefs with justice; He punishes none of them except for his own crime, and takes none for another’s sin.

إِنَّ الَّذِينَ يَكْفُرُونَ بِآيَاتِ اللَّهِ وَيَقْتُلُونَ النَّبِيِّينَ بِغَيْرِ حَقٍّ وَيَقْتُلُونَ الَّذِينَ يَأْمُرُونَ بِالْقِسْطِ مِنَ النَّاسِ فَبَشِّرْهُمْ بِعَذَابٍ أَلِيمٍ

Truly, those who disbelieve in the signs of Allah and kill the prophets without right, and kill those among people who command justice — give them tidings of a painful punishment.

3:21 (Qurʼan, opens quran.com)

The one place in the count where people command qisṭ; they are killed with the prophets.

وَأَنْ تَقُومُوا لِلْيَتَامَىٰ بِالْقِسْطِ ۚ وَمَا تَفْعَلُوا مِنْ خَيْرٍ فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ كَانَ بِهِ عَلِيمًا

And that you stand for the orphans with justice. And whatever good you do, truly Allah knows it well.

4:127 (Qurʼan, opens quran.com)

The close of the āyah on orphan women and the weak among children: what is recited to them includes standing for the orphans with qisṭ.

وَأَوْفُوا الْكَيْلَ وَالْمِيزَانَ بِالْقِسْطِ ۖ لَا نُكَلِّفُ نَفْسًا إِلَّا وُسْعَهَا ۖ وَإِذَا قُلْتُمْ فَاعْدِلُوا وَلَوْ كَانَ ذَا قُرْبَىٰ

And give full measure and weight with justice — We charge no soul beyond its capacity — and when you speak, be just, even if it concerns a relative.

6:152 (Qurʼan, opens quran.com)

Qisṭ in the measure and ʻ-d-l in speech, both commanded in one āyah.

وَيَا قَوْمِ أَوْفُوا الْمِكْيَالَ وَالْمِيزَانَ بِالْقِسْطِ ۖ وَلَا تَبْخَسُوا النَّاسَ أَشْيَاءَهُمْ وَلَا تَعْثَوْا فِي الْأَرْضِ مُفْسِدِينَ

And O my people, give full measure and weight with justice, and do not deprive people of their things, and do not act wickedly in the land, spreading corruption.

11:85 (Qurʼan, opens quran.com)

Shuʻayb to his people. 55:9, carried at Name 29, gives the same command of the weighing.

وَإِنْ خِفْتُمْ أَلَّا تُقْسِطُوا فِي الْيَتَامَىٰ فَانْكِحُوا مَا طَابَ لَكُمْ مِنَ النِّسَاءِ مَثْنَىٰ وَثُلَاثَ وَرُبَاعَ ۖ فَإِنْ خِفْتُمْ أَلَّا تَعْدِلُوا فَوَاحِدَةً

And if you fear that you will not act equitably toward the orphans, then marry those that please you of women, two or three or four; but if you fear that you will not be just, then one.

4:3 (Qurʼan, opens quran.com)

The fourth form’s verb, with ʻ-d-l beside it in the same āyah. The first reading aṭ-Ṭabarī records: if you guardians fear you will not act equitably in the dowries of orphan girls, giving them the dowries of their like, marry others. ʻĀʼishah’s explanation in al-Bukhārī 5064 carries the same.

ادْعُوهُمْ لِآبَائِهِمْ هُوَ أَقْسَطُ عِنْدَ اللَّهِ

Call them by their fathers; that is more equitable in the sight of Allah.

33:5 (Qurʼan, opens quran.com)

Aqsaṭ, which aṭ-Ṭabarī at 2:282 glosses as more just in the sight of Allah. In al-Bukhārī 4782, Ibn ʻUmar: we called Zayd ibn Ḥārithah only Zayd ibn Muḥammad until this came down.

Dua

رَبَّنَا أَفْرِغْ عَلَيْنَا صَبْرًا وَثَبِّتْ أَقْدَامَنَا وَانصُرْنَا عَلَى الْقَوْمِ الْكَافِرِينَ

Our Lord, pour upon us patience, make firm our feet, and give us victory over the disbelieving people.

Qurʼan 2:250

Said by those with Ṭālūt when they went out to meet Jālūt and his forces. In the six ḥadīth editions no supplication addresses Allah as al-muqsiṭ; the Name stands there only in the lists at at-Tirmidhī 3507 and Ibn Mājah 3861. Name 99 carries the same.

Hadith

إِنَّ الْمُقْسِطِينَ عِندَ اللَّهِ عَلَىٰ مَنَابِرَ مِن نُّورٍ عَنْ يَمِينِ الرَّحْمَٰنِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ وَكِلْتَا يَدَيْهِ يَمِينٌ الَّذِينَ يَعْدِلُونَ فِي حُكْمِهِمْ وَأَهْلِيهِمْ وَمَا وَلُوا

The equitable will be with Allah upon pulpits of light, at the right hand of ar-Raḥmān — and both His hands are right hands — those who are just in their rulings, with their families, and in what they are given charge of.

Muslim 1827 · ṣaḥīḥ

From ʻAbd Allāh ibn ʻAmr: Ibn Numayr and Abū Bakr say he raised it to the Prophet ﷺ, and Zuhayr’s wording is the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said. Al-muqsiṭīn, the Name’s form, is said of people: those who are just, yaʻdilūn, in their rulings, their families and what they have in charge. An-Nasāʼī 5379 carries the report, with both His hands are right hands as Muḥammad ibn Ādam’s wording. Name 29 carries another portion.

وَالَّذِي نَفْسِي بِيَدِهِ لَيُوشِكَنَّ أَنْ يَنْزِلَ فِيكُمُ ابْنُ مَرْيَمَ حَكَمًا مُقْسِطًا فَيَكْسِرَ الصَّلِيبَ وَيَقْتُلَ الْخِنْزِيرَ وَيَضَعَ الْجِزْيَةَ وَيَفِيضَ الْمَالُ حَتَّى لَا يَقْبَلَهُ أَحَدٌ

By Him in whose hand is my soul, the son of Maryam will soon descend among you as a judge, equitable, and he will break the cross, kill the swine and abolish the jizyah, and wealth will overflow until no one will accept it.

al-Bukhārī 2222 · ṣaḥīḥ

From Abū Hurayrah. Muqsiṭ, the Name’s form, said of ʻĪsā son of Maryam as a judge. Muslim 155a carries the report with the blessing after his name; Muslim 155b records Ibn ʻUyaynah’s wording, imāman muqsiṭan wa-ḥakaman ʻadlan, and Yūnus’s, ḥakaman ʻādilan; al-Bukhārī 2476, at-Tirmidhī 2233 and Ibn Mājah 4077 and 4078 carry it too. In the six editions muqsiṭ is otherwise said of the ruler, at Muslim 2865a and Abū Dāwūd 4843, of the equitable of Muslim 1827, and of Allah only in the lists; and one report of Ibn ʻAbbās quotes 5:42 from fa-ḥkum baynahum to al-muqsiṭīn, giving as its occasion the blood-money between an-Naḍīr and Qurayẓah.

Study Notes

Verified — derived; in Ibn Mājah 3861’s list where Al-ʻAdl is not

ShowHide the Study Notes (1,828 words)

CARRIED ON THIS PAGE: seventeen āyāt, seven before and ten appended. 3:18 stays linked exactly with Names 29 and 63, and 60:8 with Name 79; 49:9, 72:14–15, 6:12, 4:40 and 5:42 unchanged in text. Appended: 21:47, the scales of justice, with the Arabic and English of Name 29 and linked exactly with it; 10:4, with the Arabic and English of Names 58 and 59 and linked exactly with both; and, new to the book, 10:47, 10:54, 3:21, 4:127 from wa-an taqūmū, 6:152 from wa-awfū l-kayla, 11:85, 4:3 to fa-wāḥidah, and 33:5 to ʻinda llāh. Every word of the root now stands in the book; the six not on this page are named below. The distinct verse count moves from 650 to 658.

NAMED HERE BUT NOT CARRIED ON THIS PAGE: 55:9, carried at Name 29; 4:135 and 5:8, carried at Name 29 and Name 63; 2:282, carried at Name 50; 57:25, carried at Name 53; 7:29, carried at Name 58 and Name 59; 17:35, 26:182 and 2:250, all carried at NO Name.

CORRECTED ON THE RECORD, THE COUNT: q-s-ṭ on the pointed Tanzil text (count_qst.py; asserted in build_N86.py): 27 returns, of which qisṭās 2 (17:35, 26:182) are not counted, aṭ-Ṭabarī recording it as the steelyard, the balance, or with Mujāhid justice in the Rūmī tongue. 25 words. QISṬ 15: ALLAH’S OWN DOING 5 (3:18, He upholds it; 10:4, He repays with it; 10:47 and 10:54, judgment between them with it; 21:47, the scales He sets); ALLAH COMMANDS IT 1 (7:29) and SENDS THE MESSENGERS so that people uphold it 1 (57:25); PEOPLE COMMANDED TO IT 7 (4:127, 4:135, 5:8, 5:42, 6:152, 11:85, 55:9); THOSE WHO COMMAND IT, KILLED 1 (3:21). AQSAṬ ʻINDA LLĀH 2 (2:282, 33:5).

THE FOURTH FORM 6, EVERY ONE OF PEOPLE: the verb 3 (4:3, 49:9, 60:8) and al-muqsiṭīn 3 (5:42, 49:9, 60:8), each in inna llāha yuḥibbu l-muqsiṭīn. AL-QĀSIṬŪN 2 (72:14 and 72:15), said by the jinn of themselves. The singular muqsiṭ, and so the Name, stands in no āyah. No look-alikes. THE SIX ḤADĪTH EDITIONS carry muqsiṭ in 14 records, 16 words: of Allah only in the lists at at-Tirmidhī 3507 and Ibn Mājah 3861; of ʻĪsā son of Maryam as a judge in seven (al-Bukhārī 2222 and 2476, Muslim 155a and 155b, at-Tirmidhī 2233, Ibn Mājah 4077 and 4078); of the ruler in two (Muslim 2865a, Abū Dāwūd 4843); of the equitable on pulpits of light in two (Muslim 1827, an-Nasāʼī 5379); and an-Nasāʼī 4733 quotes 5:42. No supplication in them addresses Allah by this Name. FOUND / CORRECTED / REMOVED, AS UNVERIFIED: THE PAGE’S GOVERNING FRAME, on the desc, MEDS 86 and POEMS 86: that the root’s own sense is deviation, qasaṭa, and that the fourth form’s hamza is privative, stripping the root of its meaning, so that al-Muqsiṭ is oppression with the oppression taken out. Aṭ-Ṭabarī at 3:18 gives qisṭ as justice and takes it from huwa muqsiṭ and qad aqsaṭa, and at 2:282 from aqsaṭa l-ḥākim; the Qurʼan says qisṭ, justice, fifteen times without the hamza and the qāsiṭūn twice. That the root’s own sense is deviation is STRUCK AS CONTRADICTED. The hamza as privative was seen only as quoted from Ibn Manẓūr, and there hedged as though it were; STRUCK AS UNCHECKED. MEDS 86 paragraph one and POEMS 86 stanza two rebuilt on the count and aṭ-Ṭabarī. POEMS 86 called the qāsiṭūn the men who do it, where in the Qurʼan they are jinn, and glossed qasaṭa as to take what is not yours, from no source read; corrected in both creative pages. THE REF said 4:40 is an occurrence of the root, and it has no word of it; it cited Jāmiʻ at-Tirmidhī 3507 and Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim 2577a out of citation form; it set the Name apart from the broader ʻadl of Name 29 from no source; rebuilt on the count. THE ROOT FIELD had no letters and its gloss rested on the desc; now q-s-ṭ with aṭ-Ṭabarī’s gloss. THE DESC’s exact justice is the least He does and there is no standard above Him are reflections, not the entry’s evidence; removed from the desc, and the meditation keeps its own. THE QURʼAN NOTES carried capitals, live-read remarks, pointers to NAMES and MEDS and a web page reference (72:14–15, 6:12, 4:40, 5:42, 60:8). The 3:18 note said the Name’s Qurʼanic grounding is thinner than Al-ʻAdl’s and 3:18 the nearest the Qurʼan comes to it as a title, from no source; the 49:9 note called it the clearest place the root appears; the 6:12 note called kataba ʻalā nafsihi and ḥarramtu ʻalā nafsī the identical construction with grammar that matches exactly, where the verbs differ and none of the six commentators read at 6:12 brings in Muslim 2577a; the 4:40 note called 21:47 the verse this one answers; the 5:42 note wrote the blessing on the Prophet as a single Arabic letter. All rewritten from aṭ-Ṭabarī. THE STUDY NOTE HERE said 55:7–9 is carried nowhere; it is carried at Name 29. THE DUʻĀʼ NOTE said the prayer of Ṭālūt’s army is the register equity operates in when it is tested, from no source; struck, and its no transmitted supplication bounded to the six editions. THE ḤADĪTH PAGE: Muslim 1827’s English rendered al-muqsiṭīn the just and ar-Raḥmān the Most Merciful; now the equitable, as the three āyāt render the word, and ar-Raḥmān. Its note called al-muqsiṭīn the exact plural of the Name’s root; rewritten with the raising of the chain as Muslim gives it. Added al-Bukhārī 2222, muqsiṭ said of ʻĪsā son of Maryam as a judge, new to the book.

MEDS 86: its quotations of Muslim 2577a, 3:18, 21:47, 4:40, 49:9, 60:8 and Muslim 1827 were in words not the book’s, and the Muslim 1827 quotation carried the banned Most Merciful; set to the book’s English, 2577a and 21:47 as Name 29 prints them; the identical construction narrowed to the shared ʻalā nafs; This is why the Qurʼan can narrowed; people outside the community given as aṭ-Ṭabarī’s reading, of every faith; the close’s oppression upon Himself set to the report’s English.

POEMS 86: the same quotations set to the book’s English. CH 86 read; no change.

READ: the Tanzil text, every return in its verse. Aṭ-Ṭabarī, through the tafsir dataset, at 3:18, 72:14–15, 10:4, 10:47, 10:54, 21:47, 2:282, 17:35, 26:182, 5:42, 49:9, 60:8, 4:3, 6:12 and 4:40; at 6:12 also Ibn Kathīr, al-Qurṭubī, al-Baghawī, as-Saʻdī and Ibn ʻĀshūr, searched for Muslim 2577a and not finding it. Letter by letter with their grade rows: Muslim 1827 (no rows), an-Nasāʼī 5379, al-Bukhārī 2222, Muslim 155a and 155b, al-Bukhārī 4782 and 5064, at-Tirmidhī 3507, Ibn Mājah 3861, Abū Dāwūd 4843, and the six editions swept for muqsiṭ.

NOT READ: Ibn Fāris for q-s-ṭ in his own text, the Hawramani page returning a server error twice; his entry was seen only as quoted in secondary articles (two opposed meanings with one building; qisṭ justice, qasṭ injustice, qusūṭ turning from the truth), and nothing is rested on it. Ibn Manẓūr’s Lisān, seen only quoted. Al-Ghazālī’s al-Maqṣad al-Asnā.

OPEN: Ibn Fāris for q-s-ṭ in his own text (Shamela 21710, kitāb al-qāf). The Study Note’s status line, preferred by some over Al-ʻAdl, rests on Name 29’s ref, which gives the preference to Ibn ʻUthaymīn, not read at this pass (the status line and the ref no longer give him a preference: corrected in build 182, by the author’s decision, A38). MEDS 86’s justice is the floor and exact treatment the least you will receive, and POEMS 86’s the worst you will ever get from Him, are the author’s reflections on 4:40 and 21:47, and so is MEDS 86’s closing thought on what the scales will weigh. The English title The Equitable and the meditation’s title The Righting are the author’s. Name 29’s note on Muslim 1827 says some English renderings print Ibn ʻUmar (unread) and that two of its domains are unobserved; for a later reading of Name 29. Name 99’s Duʻāʼ note on 2:250 compares that Name’s root with the justice named here; for Name 99’s pass — since closed, as recorded below.

COHERENCE: 21:47 linked exactly with Name 29; 10:4 linked exactly with Names 58 and 59; 3:18 with Names 29 and 63 and 60:8 with Name 79 unchanged; Muslim 1827 another portion of Name 29’s. Name 45’s NAMED line repaired for 6:152 and Name 40’s for 21:47.

AUDIT, QURʼAN TEXT: 72:14–15 — verse-separator: full stop replaced by ۝; 60:8 — spelling/vowel: يَنْهَىٰكُمُ → يَنْهَاكُمُ, each re-checked against the Tanzil text.

AFTER NAME 99: Name 99’s Duʻāʼ note on 2:250 gives aṭ-Ṭabarī’s reading, send down patience upon us, and records that no supplication in the six editions addresses Allah as aṣ-ṣabūr; it no longer compares that Name’s root with the justice named here. AFTER THE CHAT-END AUDIT OF 1–99: the English of 6:12 drops its quotation marks and follows the book’s form for speech, Say: with no marks; the item asking whether this page should carry a cross-reference to Name 29 in its rootRelation is not closed and stands open for the author.

ON THE AUTHOR’S DECISION, THE CROSS-REFERENCE: the author has settled the question Name 29’s OPEN section raised. Al-Muqsiṭ and Al-ʻAdl now point at each other with the rootRelation status distinct-explicit, which is what Names 58 and 95 carry for the one other pair in the book that a reader needs told about — two Names of different roots that are taken for one another. q-s-ṭ and ʻ-d-l are unrelated and neither page pretends otherwise; what ties them is that those who leave Al-ʻAdl out of the ninety-nine put Al-Muqsiṭ in its place. The link is reciprocal, as every other relation in the book is, and the evidence sits in each ref rather than each desc, because both descs stand within four tokens of the ceiling. The ref here gains the clause that names the substitution and says the roots are unrelated. IN BUILD 145, BY THE AUTHOR’S DECISION (A15): the ref’s last sentence and the status line are narrowed to what the record holds — Ibn ʻUthaymīn, who leaves Al-ʻAdl out, puts this Name in its place, as Name 29’s ref gives him, and Ibn Mājah 3861’s list carries this Name and not Al-ʻAdl, where at-Tirmidhī 3507’s carries both; the cross-reference is unchanged, and al-Qawāʻid al-Muthlā is still not read.

FROM THE PHASE 2 READING: the note under al-Bukhārī 2222 completes the sweep with the report of Ibn ʻAbbās at an-Nasāʼī 4733, which quotes 5:42 and gives its occasion.

BY THE AUTHOR’S DECISIONS OF 2026-09-25, IN BUILD 182: Muslim 1827 takes Name 29’s English but for the equitable, this Name’s own word, which Name 29 now gives too (A23); the ref reads Ibn ʻUthaymīn leaves Al-ʻAdl out, and this Name is not in his list either, and the status line Verified — derived; in Ibn Mājah 3861’s list where Al-ʻAdl is not; the OPEN line says so in place (A38); MEDS 86 quotes the clause in the page’s English (A23).

الجامعNext · Name 87The Gatherer
Al-Jāmiʻ