The Ninety-Nine Names99 Names, home
Name 88 of 99
الغني

The Self-Sufficient

Al-Ghanī

A gift to the man who had everything — and the arithmetic he had backwards.

Meaning

From gh-n-y, which Ibn Fāris gives as sufficiency. The Qurʼan says ghaniyy of Allah eighteen times, eight of them the definite al-Ghanī and ten of them beside al-Ḥamīd, and nine times it follows a refusal: if you disbelieve, whoever is ungrateful, whoever turns away. O mankind, you are those in need of Allah, and Allah is the Free of need, the Praiseworthy (35:15). Aṭ-Ṭabarī: thanks add nothing to His authority and ingratitude takes nothing from His dominion (31:12); He has no need of a son (10:68), nor of your wealth and your spending (47:38). People are called rich six times, and once they say it against Him: Allah is poor and we are rich (3:181). The tenth form, istaghnā, is said of Him once, at 64:6.

Root gh-n-y — sufficiency (al-kifāyah); to be free of need (ghaniya ʻan)

Counted on the Tanzil text, every word read in its verse: 175 words swept, 102 look-alikes (b-gh-y, ṭ-gh-y, gh-r-q, gh-n-m, gh-b-n and others), 73 words of gh-n-y. The adjective 24. Ghaniyy of Allah 18: the definite al-ghaniyy 8 (6:133, 10:68, 22:64, 31:26, 35:15, 47:38, 57:24, 60:6) and the indefinite 10 (2:263, 2:267, 3:97, 4:131, 14:8, 27:40, 29:6, 31:12, 39:7, 64:6); beside ḥamīd 10, ḥalīm at 2:263, karīm at 27:40, dhū r-raḥmah at 6:133; ʻan al-ʻālamīn at 3:97 and 29:6, ʻankum at 39:7; with no second attribute at 10:68 and 47:38. Of people 6 (4:6, 4:135; aghniyāʼ at 2:273, 3:181, 9:93, 59:7). The fourth form 41, the form of Name 89, Al-Mughnī: Allah enriches 7, availing denied 33, and 80:37. The tenth form 4: wa-staghnā llāh at 64:6, of man at 80:5, 92:8 and 96:7. The first form 4: of peoples who dwelt, at 7:92, 11:68 and 11:95, and of the land at 10:24. Ibn Fāris (Maqāyīs al-Lughah, vol. 4, pp. 397 and 398): two sound origins, sufficiency and a sound; ghaniya l-qawmu fī dārihim, they dwelt there, as though made free of need by it. Aṭ-Ṭabarī at 35:15: free of need of your worship, your service and everything else; al-ḥamīd, praised for His favours. As-Saʻdī there: praiseworthy in His freedom from need, free of need in His praise. In the six ḥadīth editions al-ghaniyy is said of Allah in the rain supplication at Abū Dāwūd 1173 and in the lists at at-Tirmidhī 3507 (weak: Aḥmad Shākir, al-Albānī, Zubair ʻAlī Zaī) and Ibn Mājah 3861 (isnād ḍaʻīf with the list: Shuʻayb al-Arnaʼūṭ; weak: Zubair ʻAlī Zaī; ṣaḥīḥ without it: al-Albānī); ghaniyy of Allah in the Prophet’s ﷺ words on vows to walk in eleven records and in the hypocrites’ mockery in four; al-ghaniyy of a servant at Muslim 2965. Ḥadīth: al-Bukhārī 6446 with Muslim 1051; al-Bukhārī 1865 with Muslim 1642; Muslim 2965; Muslim 2577a. Duʻāʼ: Muslim 2721a; Abū Dāwūd 1173.

Story

Every year Tahir’s staff faced the same difficulty: what do you give a man who owns three houses and can buy anything that exists? They tried rare books he already owned, a watch finer than the four in his drawer, an antique he glanced at once and never mentioned again. It was not ingratitude. There was simply nothing left to add to him.

It was his gardener’s son, aged seven, who solved it by accident — a drawing of the dog that worked the grounds, executed badly; the animal was identifiable chiefly by being brown and having a great many legs. The boy handed it over without ceremony, having no idea that a thing like that required an occasion.

Tahir kept it on his desk for six years, through two redecorations, and could not have explained why to anyone who asked.

Somewhere in his forties he had worked out that he could no longer tell the difference between the people who liked him and the people who were positioning. It was not paranoia; it was arithmetic. Everyone who came near him had something to gain, including his family, including — on the bad evenings — himself. He had stopped minding, which is worse than minding.

He tried once, badly, to explain the drawing to a business partner who had noticed it and made a joke. “Everything else I have was given because I could return the favor. That was given because he liked the dog and thought I would like the picture.” Then he stopped, because the next part was the part he had not meant to say aloud: that a boy of seven with grass on his knees had reached something his entire fortune could not, and that he had spent six years looking at it every morning the way a thirsty man looks at water.

He had assumed most of his life that he was the one in the room who needed nothing. He had the arithmetic backwards. The houses, the staff, the men who laughed at his jokes — every part of it existed to keep supplying him, and he had mistaken being well supplied for needing nothing at all.

The drawing was still in the top drawer of his desk when he died. Whoever cleared the room would not have known what it was.

Poem

Most water answers to something outside itself.
A lake rises when the rains are good and falls when they are not.
A reservoir empties exactly as fast as the drought demands,
however carefully it was managed,
because its fullness was never its own to begin with —
only ever borrowed from whatever rain fell that year.

An artesian spring works differently.
It does not wait on this year’s rain.
Water held under pressure in rock far underground rises by itself,
so that in the driest year on record,
when every rain-fed lake for a hundred miles has cracked into dry clay,
the spring may still be running as it ran before.

But follow it down far enough and even the spring is fed.
The water in it fell as rain, in some aquifers thousands of years ago,
and an aquifer, drawn on long enough, goes down like anything else.
There is no water anywhere that is not water that was given.
Every full thing in the world is full of something it did not make.

So the image breaks, and it should.
It was never a question of a deeper supply,
or of a fullness that survives one more hard season and is called reliable.
Reliability means something is still being tested, over and over, and passing.
This is not that. There was never a test.

Al-Ghanī:
the One who needs nothing, who lacks nothing,
whose fullness has no source behind it and no season over it,
not added to by every mouth that praises Him,
not diminished by every mouth that does not.

We are the lake. We were always the lake.
And He has rained on us every day of our lives.

Reflection

The Poverty

Say the Name slowly. Al-Ghanī. The One free of all need. Then say the half of it the Qurʼan will not let you skip: O mankind, you are those in need of Allah, and Allah is the Free of need, the Praiseworthy (35:15). Not some of you. Not only on the hard days. You are, at this moment, being held in existence by a will that is not yours, breathing air you did not make, thinking with a mind you were handed and cannot repair when it fails. Your poverty is not a season you are passing through. It is what you are.

Consider what this means about your worship. He is not enriched by it. In the ḥadīth qudsī Abū Dharr reports from the Prophet ﷺ, Allah says: O My servants: were the first of you and the last of you, your humans and your jinn, to be upon the most God-fearing heart of a single man among you, that would not add anything to My dominion (Muslim 2577a). And in the same report: O My servants, all of you are hungry except whom I feed, so ask Me for food and I will feed you. Aṭ-Ṭabarī says the same of 31:12: thanks do not add to His authority, and ingratitude does not decrease His dominion. Your prayers add nothing to Him. Your sins take nothing from Him. The entire traffic runs one way.

So the prayer was never for His sake. He did not require the sujūd; you required somewhere to put your forehead. He is not waiting to be filled by your dhikr — you are the empty one, and the filling was commanded for you. This is the strangest thing about Al-Ghanī, and the sweetest: the One who has no need of you calls you toward Him anyway, and there is nothing in it for Him.

And this is what quietly loosens the grip of everyone whose approval you have been purchasing. Not that you have stopped needing — you will never stop needing — but that you have been carrying your need to the wrong doors. Every person you asked to make you sufficient was standing in the same line as you, holding the same empty hands, waiting on the same supply. The One at the head of that line is not in the line at all.

He was free of need before He made you and He will be free of need after you are gone. Whoever is grateful, his gratitude is only for his own soul; and whoever is ungrateful — truly my Lord is Free of need, Generous (27:40). Read those two words together and do not let them come apart. Ghaniyy. Karīm. Aṭ-Ṭabarī: of His generosity is His bounty even to the one who is ungrateful for His favours. He gains nothing by giving, and gives.

He was rich before you existed and will be rich after — and still the giving comes, every day of your life, to hands that have never once been able to fill themselves.

Qurʼan

وَمَن كَفَرَ فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ غَنِيٌّ عَنِ الْعَالَمِينَ

And whoever disbelieves — truly Allah is Free of need of the worlds.

3:97 (Qurʼan, opens quran.com)

Ghaniyy with ʻan al-ʻālamīn, one of its two places (29:6), closing the verse of the pilgrimage. Aṭ-Ṭabarī records Ibn ʻAbbās, ʻAṭāʼ, aḍ-Ḍaḥḥāk, al-Ḥasan and Mujāhid and holds: whoever denies the obligation of the pilgrimage and rejects it, Allah is free of need of him, of his pilgrimage and of the worlds all together.

إِنَّ اللَّهَ هُوَ الْغَنِيُّ الْحَمِيدُ

Truly Allah — He is the Free of need, the Praiseworthy.

31:26 (Qurʼan, opens quran.com)

The definite pair, al-ghaniyy al-ḥamīd, after to Allah belongs what is in the heavens and the earth. Aṭ-Ṭabarī: free of need of those who associate idols with Him and of all His creation, because they are His and theirs is the need of Him; al-ḥamīd, praised for the favours He has given His creation.

وَقَالَ مُوسَىٰ إِن تَكْفُرُوا أَنتُمْ وَمَن فِي الْأَرْضِ جَمِيعًا فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ لَغَنِيٌّ حَمِيدٌ

And Mūsā said: If you disbelieve, you and whoever is on the earth entirely — truly Allah is Free of need, Praiseworthy.

14:8 (Qurʼan, opens quran.com)

Mūsā’s words, following 14:6, his reminder of their rescue from the people of Firʻawn, and 14:7: if you are grateful, I will surely increase you; and if you are ungrateful, My punishment is severe (14:7). Aṭ-Ṭabarī: if you and all on the earth deny His favour, Allah is free of need of you and of them, with no need of your thanks; ḥamīd, possessed of praise toward His creation for what He gave them. From ʻAlī: free of need of His creation.

يَا أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ أَنتُمُ الْفُقَرَاءُ إِلَى اللَّهِ وَاللَّهُ هُوَ الْغَنِيُّ الْحَمِيدُ

O mankind, you are those in need of Allah, and Allah is the Free of need, the Praiseworthy.

35:15 (Qurʼan, opens quran.com)

Al-ghaniyy al-ḥamīd set against al-fuqarāʼ ilā llāh, those in need of Allah. Aṭ-Ṭabarī: you are the people of need toward your Lord, so worship Him and He will enrich you out of your poverty; Allah is free of need of your worship of Him, of your service and of everything else; al-ḥamīd, praised for His favours. As-Saʻdī: praiseworthy in His freedom from need, free of need in His praise.

يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا أَنْفِقُوا مِنْ طَيِّبَاتِ مَا كَسَبْتُمْ وَمِمَّا أَخْرَجْنَا لَكُمْ مِنَ الْأَرْضِ ۖ وَلَا تَيَمَّمُوا الْخَبِيثَ مِنْهُ تُنْفِقُونَ وَلَسْتُمْ بِآخِذِيهِ إِلَّا أَنْ تُغْمِضُوا فِيهِ ۚ وَاعْلَمُوا أَنَّ اللَّهَ غَنِيٌّ حَمِيدٌ

O you who believe, spend of the good things you have earned and of what We have brought forth for you from the earth, and do not aim at the bad of it to spend from it, when you would not take it yourselves except with your eyes closed to it. And know that Allah is Free of need, Praiseworthy.

2:267 (Qurʼan, opens quran.com)

Ghaniyy ḥamīd closing a command to give from the good of what is earned. Al-Barāʼ ibn ʻĀzib, in aṭ-Ṭabarī: it came down about Anṣār who put poor dates among the bunches hung for the poor of the Muhājirūn; and Allah is free of need, praiseworthy, of your charities. Ibn Mājah 1822 gives the same explanation from al-Barāʼ.

وَلِلَّهِ مَا فِي السَّمَاوَاتِ وَمَا فِي الْأَرْضِ ۗ وَلَقَدْ وَصَّيْنَا الَّذِينَ أُوتُوا الْكِتَابَ مِنْ قَبْلِكُمْ وَإِيَّاكُمْ أَنِ اتَّقُوا اللَّهَ ۚ وَإِنْ تَكْفُرُوا فَإِنَّ لِلَّهِ مَا فِي السَّمَاوَاتِ وَمَا فِي الْأَرْضِ ۚ وَكَانَ اللَّهُ غَنِيًّا حَمِيدًا

And to Allah belongs whatever is in the heavens and whatever is in the earth. And We have enjoined those who were given the Book before you, and you, that you fear Allah. And if you disbelieve — to Allah belongs whatever is in the heavens and whatever is in the earth, and Allah is Free of need, Praiseworthy.

4:131 (Qurʼan, opens quran.com)

Ghaniyyan ḥamīdā after if you disbelieve, with to Allah belongs what is in the heavens and the earth said twice. Aṭ-Ṭabarī: al-Ghanī is the One whom no need befalls toward anything and no want compels toward you or any other; al-Ḥamīd, who has earned your praise by His works toward you.

وَرَبُّكَ الْغَنِيُّ ذُو الرَّحْمَةِ ۚ إِنْ يَشَأْ يُذْهِبْكُمْ وَيَسْتَخْلِفْ مِنْ بَعْدِكُمْ مَا يَشَاءُ كَمَا أَنْشَأَكُمْ مِنْ ذُرِّيَّةِ قَوْمٍ آخَرِينَ

And your Lord is the Free of need, the Possessor of mercy. If He wills, He takes you away and makes whatever He wills succeed after you, as He produced you from the descendants of another people.

6:133 (Qurʼan, opens quran.com)

The definite al-ghaniyy beside dhū r-raḥmah, its one place with mercy. Aṭ-Ṭabarī: free of need of His servants whom He commanded and forbade, of their deeds and of their worship of Him, while they are the ones in need of Him, for their lives and deaths, their provision and their benefit and harm are His.

قَالُوا اتَّخَذَ اللَّهُ وَلَدًا ۗ سُبْحَانَهُ ۖ هُوَ الْغَنِيُّ ۖ لَهُ مَا فِي السَّمَاوَاتِ وَمَا فِي الْأَرْضِ ۚ إِنْ عِنْدَكُمْ مِنْ سُلْطَانٍ بِهَٰذَا ۚ أَتَقُولُونَ عَلَى اللَّهِ مَا لَا تَعْلَمُونَ

They say: Allah has taken a son. Glory be to Him! He is the Free of need; to Him belongs whatever is in the heavens and whatever is in the earth. You have no authority for this. Do you say about Allah what you do not know?

10:68 (Qurʼan, opens quran.com)

Huwa l-ghaniyy, with no second attribute, answering the claim of a son. Aṭ-Ṭabarī: Allah is free of need of all His creation, so He has no need of a son, which is sought by one who wants help in his life and remembrance after his death; He needs no helper in His governance and does not perish so as to need a successor.

لَهُ مَا فِي السَّمَاوَاتِ وَمَا فِي الْأَرْضِ ۗ وَإِنَّ اللَّهَ لَهُوَ الْغَنِيُّ الْحَمِيدُ

To Him belongs whatever is in the heavens and whatever is in the earth. And truly Allah — He is the Free of need, the Praiseworthy.

22:64 (Qurʼan, opens quran.com)

Al-ghaniyy al-ḥamīd after to Him belongs what is in the heavens and the earth. Aṭ-Ṭabarī: free of need of all His creation in the heavens and the earth, who are the ones in need of Him; al-ḥamīd, praised among His servants for His bounty to them.

وَمَنْ جَاهَدَ فَإِنَّمَا يُجَاهِدُ لِنَفْسِهِ ۚ إِنَّ اللَّهَ لَغَنِيٌّ عَنِ الْعَالَمِينَ

And whoever strives, strives only for himself. Truly Allah is Free of need of the worlds.

29:6 (Qurʼan, opens quran.com)

Ghaniyy ʻan al-ʻālamīn after a striving done for oneself. Aṭ-Ṭabarī: whoever strives against the enemy does it for himself, seeking reward and fleeing punishment; Allah has no need of his act, for He is free of need of all His creation.

وَلَقَدْ آتَيْنَا لُقْمَانَ الْحِكْمَةَ أَنِ اشْكُرْ لِلَّهِ ۚ وَمَنْ يَشْكُرْ فَإِنَّمَا يَشْكُرُ لِنَفْسِهِ ۖ وَمَنْ كَفَرَ فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ غَنِيٌّ حَمِيدٌ

And We gave Luqmān wisdom: Be grateful to Allah. And whoever is grateful is grateful only for himself; and whoever is ungrateful — truly Allah is Free of need, Praiseworthy.

31:12 (Qurʼan, opens quran.com)

Ghaniyy ḥamīd after whoever is ungrateful. Aṭ-Ṭabarī: free of need of his thanks, because thanks do not add to His authority and ingratitude does not decrease His dominion; ḥamīd, praised in every state, whether the servant is grateful or ungrateful, turned from mafʻūl to faʻīl.

إِنْ تَكْفُرُوا فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ غَنِيٌّ عَنْكُمْ ۖ وَلَا يَرْضَىٰ لِعِبَادِهِ الْكُفْرَ ۖ وَإِنْ تَشْكُرُوا يَرْضَهُ لَكُمْ

If you disbelieve, truly Allah is Free of need of you; and He does not approve disbelief for His servants; and if you are grateful, He approves it for you.

39:7 (Qurʼan, opens quran.com)

Ghaniyy ʻankum, the one place the adjective takes you as its object. Aṭ-Ṭabarī records one reading of the verse as said to the associators alone and another as said to all people, and holds: if you disbelieve, Allah is free of need of your faith and your worship of Him, and He does not approve disbelief for His servants.

هَا أَنْتُمْ هَٰؤُلَاءِ تُدْعَوْنَ لِتُنْفِقُوا فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ فَمِنْكُمْ مَنْ يَبْخَلُ ۖ وَمَنْ يَبْخَلْ فَإِنَّمَا يَبْخَلُ عَنْ نَفْسِهِ ۚ وَاللَّهُ الْغَنِيُّ وَأَنْتُمُ الْفُقَرَاءُ ۚ وَإِنْ تَتَوَلَّوْا يَسْتَبْدِلْ قَوْمًا غَيْرَكُمْ ثُمَّ لَا يَكُونُوا أَمْثَالَكُمْ

Here you are, being called to spend in the way of Allah; and among you is he who is stingy. And whoever is stingy is stingy only against himself. And Allah is the Free of need, and you are the needy. And if you turn away, He will replace you with a people other than you, and they will not be like you.

47:38 (Qurʼan, opens quran.com)

Al-ghaniyy set against antumu l-fuqarāʼ, the two halves of 35:15 in the other order. Aṭ-Ṭabarī: Allah has no need of your wealth or your spending, for He is free of need of His creation and they are in need of Him; He urged you to spend in His way to earn you His great reward.

لَقَدْ كَانَ لَكُمْ فِيهِمْ أُسْوَةٌ حَسَنَةٌ لِمَنْ كَانَ يَرْجُو اللَّهَ وَالْيَوْمَ الْآخِرَ ۚ وَمَنْ يَتَوَلَّ فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ هُوَ الْغَنِيُّ الْحَمِيدُ

There has certainly been for you in them an excellent example, for whoever hopes in Allah and the Last Day. And whoever turns away — truly Allah, He is the Free of need, the Praiseworthy.

60:6 (Qurʼan, opens quran.com)

Al-ghaniyy al-ḥamīd after whoever turns away, as at 57:24. Aṭ-Ṭabarī: whoever turns from what Allah commanded and befriends His enemies, Allah is free of need of his faith and his obedience and of all His creation; al-ḥamīd, praised among those who know His favours.

ذَٰلِكَ بِأَنَّهُ كَانَتْ تَأْتِيهِمْ رُسُلُهُمْ بِالْبَيِّنَاتِ فَقَالُوا أَبَشَرٌ يَهْدُونَنَا فَكَفَرُوا وَتَوَلَّوْا ۚ وَاسْتَغْنَى اللَّهُ ۚ وَاللَّهُ غَنِيٌّ حَمِيدٌ

That is because their messengers used to come to them with clear proofs, and they said: Shall human beings guide us? So they disbelieved and turned away, and Allah was free of need. And Allah is Free of need, Praiseworthy.

64:6 (Qurʼan, opens quran.com)

Wa-staghnā llāh, the one place the tenth form is said of Allah, beside ghaniyy ḥamīd. Aṭ-Ṭabarī: they disbelieved and turned from the truth, and Allah was free of need of them and of their faith in Him and His messengers; He is free of need of all His creation and praised among all of them for His favours.

لَقَدْ سَمِعَ اللَّهُ قَوْلَ الَّذِينَ قَالُوا إِنَّ اللَّهَ فَقِيرٌ وَنَحْنُ أَغْنِيَاءُ ۘ سَنَكْتُبُ مَا قَالُوا وَقَتْلَهُمُ الْأَنْبِيَاءَ بِغَيْرِ حَقٍّ وَنَقُولُ ذُوقُوا عَذَابَ الْحَرِيقِ

Allah has certainly heard the saying of those who said: Allah is poor and we are rich. We will record what they said, and their killing of the prophets without right, and We will say: Taste the punishment of the burning.

3:181 (Qurʼan, opens quran.com)

Aghniyāʼ said by people of themselves, against Allah. Aṭ-Ṭabarī: it came down about some of the Jews in the Prophet’s ﷺ time; he records from Qatādah that when who is it that will lend Allah a goodly loan (2:245) came down, they said: only the poor borrow from the rich; and from Ibn ʻAbbās, by way of ʻIkrimah, that Finḥāṣ said it before Abū Bakr.

كَلَّا إِنَّ الْإِنْسَانَ لَيَطْغَىٰ أَنْ رَآهُ اسْتَغْنَىٰ

No! Truly man transgresses, because he sees himself free of need.

96:6–7 (Qurʼan, opens quran.com)

Istaghnā said of man. Aṭ-Ṭabarī: man exceeds his bounds, is arrogant toward his Lord and disbelieves in Him, because he sees that he has become free of need. The same form is said of man at 80:5 and 92:8, and of Allah at 64:6.

Dua

اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَسْأَلُكَ الْهُدَى وَالتُّقَى وَالْعَفَافَ وَالْغِنَى

O Allah, I ask You for guidance, piety, chastity, and sufficiency.

Muslim 2721a · ṣaḥīḥ

From ʻAbd Allāh ibn Masʻūd. Al-ghinā, the root of this Name, asked for beside guidance, piety and chastity. Muslim 2721b has the same supplication with al-ʻiffah for al-ʻafāf in Ibn al-Muthannā’s narration. The same supplication is carried at Names 45 and 89.

اللَّهُمَّ أَنْتَ اللَّهُ لاَ إِلَهَ إِلاَّ أَنْتَ الْغَنِيُّ وَنَحْنُ الْفُقَرَاءُ أَنْزِلْ عَلَيْنَا الْغَيْثَ وَاجْعَلْ مَا أَنْزَلْتَ لَنَا قُوَّةً وَبَلاَغًا إِلَى حِينٍ

O Allah, You are Allah; there is no god but You, the Free of need, and we are the needy. Send down rain upon us, and make what You send down for us a strength and a provision to last for a while.

Abū Dāwūd 1173 · ḥasan (al-Albānī; Muḥammad Muḥyī ad-Dīn ʻAbd al-Ḥamīd; Shuʻayb al-Arnaʼūṭ); isnād ḥasan (Darussalam)

From ʻĀʼishah. People complained to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ that the rain had not come; he went out to the prayer-ground when the edge of the sun appeared, sat on a minbar, magnified and praised Allah, recited from al-ḥamdu li-llāhi rabbi l-ʻālamīn to yawm ad-dīn, and said this. Then he raised his hands, turned his back to the people, turned his cloak, and prayed two rakʻahs, and the rain came before he reached his mosque. Anta l-ghaniyyu wa-naḥnu l-fuqarāʼ are the two halves of 35:15 and 47:38 said to Him. Abū Dāwūd: a gharīb report, its chain good.

Hadith

لَيْسَ الْغِنَىٰ عَنْ كَثْرَةِ الْعَرَضِ وَلَٰكِنَّ الْغِنَىٰ غِنَى النَّفْسِ

Richness is not in having many possessions, but richness is the richness of the soul.

al-Bukhārī 6446; Muslim 1051 · ṣaḥīḥ (muttafaq ʻalayh)

From Abū Hurayrah. Al-ghinā said of people: it is not in many possessions but in the soul. The two records carry the same words; at-Tirmidhī 2373 has wa-lākini and calls it ḥasan ṣaḥīḥ, and Ibn Mājah 4137 has Muslim’s wording.

إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَنْ تَعْذِيبِ هَذَا نَفْسَهُ لَغَنِيٌّ

Truly Allah is free of need of this man’s tormenting himself.

al-Bukhārī 1865; Muslim 1642 · ṣaḥīḥ (muttafaq ʻalayh)

From Anas. The Prophet ﷺ saw an old man being walked between his two sons and asked about him; they said he had vowed to walk, and after saying this he told him to ride. Ghaniyy of Allah in the Prophet’s ﷺ own words. Al-Bukhārī 6701 and Abū Dāwūd 3301 set la-ghaniyy first; Muslim 1643a, from Abū Hurayrah, has: ride, old man, for Allah is free of need of you and of your vow.

إِنَّ اللَّهَ يُحِبُّ الْعَبْدَ التَّقِيَّ الْغَنِيَّ الْخَفِيَّ

Truly Allah loves the servant who is God-fearing, free of need, and hidden.

Muslim 2965 · ṣaḥīḥ

The definite al-ghaniyy said of a servant. Saʻd ibn Abī Waqqāṣ said it to his son ʻUmar, who came to him among his camels and asked whether he had settled among his camels and sheep and left the people disputing over the rule. The report does not say what the servant’s ghinā is.

يَا عِبَادِي كُلُّكُمْ جَائِعٌ إِلاَّ مَنْ أَطْعَمْتُهُ فَاسْتَطْعِمُونِي أُطْعِمْكُمْ يَا عِبَادِي كُلُّكُمْ عَارٍ إِلاَّ مَنْ كَسَوْتُهُ فَاسْتَكْسُونِي أَكْسُكُمْ يَا عِبَادِي إِنَّكُمْ تُخْطِئُونَ بِاللَّيْلِ وَالنَّهَارِ وَأَنَا أَغْفِرُ الذُّنُوبَ جَمِيعًا فَاسْتَغْفِرُونِي أَغْفِرْ لَكُمْ يَا عِبَادِي إِنَّكُمْ لَنْ تَبْلُغُوا ضَرِّي فَتَضُرُّونِي وَلَنْ تَبْلُغُوا نَفْعِي فَتَنْفَعُونِي يَا عِبَادِي لَوْ أَنَّ أَوَّلَكُمْ وَآخِرَكُمْ وَإِنْسَكُمْ وَجِنَّكُمْ كَانُوا عَلَى أَتْقَى قَلْبِ رَجُلٍ وَاحِدٍ مِنْكُمْ مَا زَادَ ذَلِكَ فِي مُلْكِي شَيْئًا يَا عِبَادِي لَوْ أَنَّ أَوَّلَكُمْ وَآخِرَكُمْ وَإِنْسَكُمْ وَجِنَّكُمْ كَانُوا عَلَى أَفْجَرِ قَلْبِ رَجُلٍ وَاحِدٍ مَا نَقَصَ ذَلِكَ مِنْ مُلْكِي شَيْئًا

O My servants, all of you are hungry except whom I feed, so ask Me for food and I will feed you. O My servants, all of you are naked except whom I clothe, so ask Me for clothing and I will clothe you. O My servants, you err by night and by day, and I forgive all sins, so ask My forgiveness and I will forgive you. O My servants, you cannot reach harming Me so as to harm Me, nor reach benefiting Me so as to benefit Me. O My servants: were the first of you and the last of you, your humans and your jinn, to be upon the most God-fearing heart of a single man among you, that would not add anything to My dominion. O My servants: were the first of you and the last of you, your humans and your jinn, to be upon the most wicked heart of a single man, that would not decrease anything of My dominion.

Muslim 2577a · ṣaḥīḥ (ḥadīth qudsī)

From Abū Dharr, in a report the Prophet ﷺ relates from his Lord. No word of gh-n-y; it is carried for its content. Aṭ-Ṭabarī explains ghaniyy at 31:12 with the same two clauses: thanks do not add to His authority and ingratitude does not decrease His dominion. Names 16, 29 and 94 carry other portions of the report.

Study Notes

Verified — directly attested

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CARRIED ON THIS PAGE: seventeen entries, four before and thirteen appended. Before: 3:97, 31:26, 14:8 and 35:15, their Arabic and English unchanged. Appended, all new to the book: 2:267, 4:131, 6:133, 10:68, 22:64, 29:6, 31:12, 39:7 from in takfurū to yarḍahu lakum, 47:38, 60:6 and 64:6, which with the four already here and 2:263, 27:40 and 57:24, which Names 32, 42 and 56 carry, put every ghaniyy said of Allah in the Qurʼan in the book; 3:181, aghniyāʼ said by people against Allah; and 96:6–7, istaghnā said of man.

NAMED HERE BUT NOT CARRIED ON THIS PAGE: 2:245, carried at Name 20 and Name 21; 4:135, carried at Name 29 and Name 63; 2:263, carried at Name 32; 14:7, carried at Name 35; 4:6, carried at Name 40; 27:40, carried at Name 42; 57:24, carried at Name 56; 10:24, carried at Name 69; 2:273, 9:93, 59:7, 80:37, 80:5, 92:8, 7:92, 11:68, 11:95 and 14:6, all carried at NO Name.

CORRECTED ON THE RECORD, THE COUNT: gh-n-y on the pointed Tanzil text (count_gny.py; asserted in build_N88.py). The sweep of ghayn and nūn with up to two letters between returns 175 words: 102 look-alikes — b-gh-y (yabtaghūn, yabghūn), ṭ-gh-y (ṭughyān, ṭāghūn), gh-r-q (aghraqnā), gh-n-m (maghānim, ghanimtum, ghanam), gh-b-n (at-taghābun), b-l-gh (balaghna), ṣ-gh-r, r-gh-b, gh-r-r, gh-w-y, ḍ-gh-n, gh-f-l, gh-sh-y, n-gh-ḍ, gh-ḍ-ḍ, n-z-gh, sh-gh-l, gh-l-b, gh-f-r, gh-y-r, gh-r-y and others — and 73 words of the root, the definite al-ghaniyy said of no one but Allah. THE ADJECTIVE 24.

GHANIYY OF ALLAH 18: definite 8 (6:133, 10:68, 22:64, 31:26, 35:15, 47:38, 57:24, 60:6); indefinite 10 (2:263, 2:267, 3:97, 4:131, 14:8, 27:40, 29:6, 31:12, 39:7, 64:6). Beside ḥamīd 10 (2:267, 4:131, 14:8, 22:64, 31:12, 31:26, 35:15, 57:24, 60:6, 64:6), the ten Name 56 counts; ḥalīm at 2:263; karīm at 27:40, in Sulaymān’s words; dhū r-raḥmah at 6:133; ʻan al-ʻālamīn at 3:97 and 29:6; ʻankum at 39:7; no second attribute at 10:68 and 47:38. After a refusal 9: 3:97, 4:131, 14:8, 27:40, 31:12, 39:7, 57:24, 60:6, 64:6.

OF PEOPLE 6: ghaniyy at 4:6 and 4:135; aghniyāʼ at 2:273, the poor whom the ignorant think rich, 3:181, the claim against Allah, 9:93 and 59:7. THE FOURTH FORM 41, counted here for Name 89: Allah enriches 7 (4:130, 9:28, 9:74, 24:32, 24:33, 53:48, 93:8); availing denied 33; and 80:37, a concern that suffices him.

THE TENTH FORM 4: of Allah at 64:6; of man at 80:5, 92:8 and 96:7.

THE FIRST FORM 4: of peoples at 7:92, 11:68 and 11:95, as though they had never dwelt there, and of the land at 10:24. 24 + 41 + 4 + 4 = 73.

CORRECTED ON THE RECORD, THE PAGE: the 14:8 note said the warning of 14:7 was that gratitude is answered with increase while ingratitude is not; 14:7 says if you are ungrateful, My punishment is severe, as Name 35 prints it, and the note now quotes it. The 3:97 note set the verse beside the smallest individual refusal; aṭ-Ṭabarī records Ibn ʻAbbās, ʻAṭāʼ, aḍ-Ḍaḥḥāk, al-Ḥasan and Mujāhid and holds the kufr to be denial of the obligation of the pilgrimage, and the note now says so. The 35:15 note recorded its own appending from a live reading of an online Qurʼan page, used capitals for emphasis and named the meditation’s title field; rewritten on aṭ-Ṭabarī and as-Saʻdī. The 31:26 note gave the pairing to the tradition; rewritten on aṭ-Ṭabarī. The ref called 35:15 the definite Name-form as though it stood alone, where it stands eight times; gave the al-Ḥamīd pairing to the tradition, which reads the two as one description, with no source — struck as unattributed, and as-Saʻdī at 35:15, praiseworthy in His freedom from need and free of need in His praise, given; cited Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī and Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim; and set Name 63 against this Name as a standing that upholds, Himself held by nothing — struck as unchecked. The desc’s every other richness is relative, rich only by comparison and only while the supply holds, and a giver who needed the gift back would be trading, had no source — struck as unchecked; the desc now rests on the count, Ibn Fāris and aṭ-Ṭabarī. The root field rested on the desc, richness and independence; the gloss is now Ibn Fāris’s sufficiency, and the root relation reads shared-explicit with al-mughni because the ref names Name 89; the old Study Note’s one-sided edge by design no longer holds. The Duʻāʼ note’s contentment that stops needing more had no source — struck as unchecked. The ḥadīth note rested on the story’s rich man and on the sense everyone in the room would have assumed, where the report has no room; rewritten, and the grade ṣaḥīḥ given as ṣaḥīḥ (muttafaq ʻalayh), both records carrying the words letter for letter. MEDS 88 quoted 27:40 in words not the book’s, set to Name 42’s English, with aṭ-Ṭabarī on karīm there added; cited the ḥadīth qudsī as Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim and quoted portions the book did not carry, the most devout heart and the hungry and the naked, in a paraphrase — the portion is now carried here as Muslim 2577a and the meditation quotes it word for word, with aṭ-Ṭabarī at 31:12 beside it. POEMS 88 carried the banned happened to; said the artesian spring does not wait on rain at all, rises under its own pressure, and runs exactly as full as it always was in the driest year — an artesian aquifer is fed by rain that fell elsewhere and earlier, and its water rises because it is held under pressure in confining rock, so the lines now say it does not wait on this year’s rain and may still be running; before anyone was keeping records narrowed to in some aquifers thousands of years ago. The reservoir that empties exactly as fast as the drought demands and the hundred miles of cracked lakes are figures of the poem, recorded and left. CH 88 read; the story is the author’s and is left as written.

LEXICON: Ibn Fāris, Maqāyīs al-Lughah, vol. 4, pp. 397 and 398, read in his own text at islamweb: al-ghayn wa-n-nūn wa-l-ḥarf al-muʻtall aṣlān ṣaḥīḥān, one indicating sufficiency and the other a sound; al-ghinā in wealth; al-ghanāʼ with fatḥah and madd, sufficiency, as in lā yughnī fulānun ghanāʼa fulān; ghaniya ʻan kadhā fa-huwa ghānin; ghaniya l-qawmu fī dārihim, they dwelt, as though made free of need by it, and maghānīhim, their dwellings; al-ghāniyah; taghannaytu bi-kadhā and taghānaytu bihi, when you are made free of need by it; the second origin, al-ghināʼ, where the edition prints min aṣ-ṣawāb against ṣawt in the opening line. Ar-Rāghib and Lisān al-ʻArab not reached. Name 45’s Study Note reports Ibn Fāris glossing al-wusʻ as al-ghinā; not re-read here. TAFSĪR, read in their own texts through the tafsir dataset: aṭ-Ṭabarī at 2:263 (Ibn ʻAbbās by ʻAlī ibn Abī Ṭalḥah: al-ghanī, the one perfect in his freedom from need), 2:267, 3:97, 3:181, 4:131, 6:133, 10:68, 14:8, 22:64, 27:40, 29:6, 31:12, 31:26, 35:15, 39:7, 47:38, 57:24, 60:6, 64:6 and 96:7; as-Saʻdī at 35:15 and 3:181; Ibn Kathīr at 35:15. ḤADĪTH: al-ghaniyy and ghaniyy swept in the six editions. Said of Allah in 19 records: the rain supplication at Abū Dāwūd 1173 (al-Albānī, Muḥammad Muḥyī ad-Dīn ʻAbd al-Ḥamīd and Shuʻayb al-Arnaʼūṭ: ḥasan; Darussalam: isnād ḥasan; Abū Dāwūd: gharīb, its chain good); the lists at at-Tirmidhī 3507 (Aḥmad Shākir, al-Albānī and Zubair ʻAlī Zaī: weak) and Ibn Mājah 3861 (Shuʻayb al-Arnaʼūṭ: isnād ḍaʻīf with the list; Zubair ʻAlī Zaī: weak; al-Albānī: ṣaḥīḥ without it); vows to walk, in the Prophet’s ﷺ words, 11 — al-Bukhārī 1865 and 6701, Muslim 1642 and 1643a, Abū Dāwūd 3297, 3301 and 3303, at-Tirmidhī 1536, an-Nasāʼī 3852 and 3853, Ibn Mājah 2135; the hypocrites mocking a small charity, 4 — al-Bukhārī 1415 and 4668, Muslim 1018a, an-Nasāʼī 2530; and al-Barāʼ’s explanation of 2:267 at Ibn Mājah 1822. Of a servant: al-ghaniyy at Muslim 2965; Saʻīd ibn Zayd of himself at Abū Dāwūd 4650. Not counted: Muslim 988a, fa-anā ʻanhu ghaniyy, in a call to the man who hoarded whose speaker the words do not settle. Otherwise a rich man — maṭl al-ghaniyy ẓulm, charity given to a rich man, the rich feeding the poor — and a narrator named ʻAbd al-Ghanī. The al-Bukhārī and Muslim records carry no grade rows; at-Tirmidhī 2373 (Aḥmad Shākir and al-Albānī: ṣaḥīḥ; Bashshār ʻAwwād Maʻrūf: ḥasan ṣaḥīḥ; Darussalam: ṣaḥīḥ) and Ibn Mājah 4137 (al-Albānī and Shuʻayb al-Arnaʼūṭ: ṣaḥīḥ; Darussalam: in Muslim) are named in a note, not cited. Muslim 2721a letter by letter, and 2721b gives al-ʻiffah. Added: Abū Dāwūd 1173 on the Duʻāʼ page; al-Bukhārī 1865 with Muslim 1642, both carrying the printed words; Muslim 2965; and Muslim 2577a from all of you are hungry to the most wicked heart, linked as another portion with Names 16 and 29.

OPEN: No source read glosses al-ghaniyy at Muslim 2965. The meditation’s reflections, the line of the needy and the forehead that needed somewhere to rest, are the author’s.

COHERENCE: Name 56’s NAMED line said 22:64, 60:6, 2:267, 4:131, 31:12 and 64:6 were carried at no Name, and its body that the al-Ghanī pairings were carried nowhere and that Name 88 still gave the pairing to the tradition — repaired and recorded there as AFTER NAME 88. Name 89’s remark that this Name points at nobody is superseded and recorded there. Names 16 and 29 record the new portion of Muslim 2577a, and SHARED_LOCI joins the three as another portion; Muslim 2721a stays exact at Names 45, 88 and 89 with its Arabic unchanged. The edition count moves from 662 to 675. The meditation’s quotations of 35:15, 27:40 and Muslim 2577a match the book’s English word for word.

AFTER NAME 89: aṭ-Ṭabarī at 80:37 and 10:24 read at Name 89 — at 80:37 a matter that suffices him and occupies him from the concern of others, with Qatādah; at 10:24 as though the crops had not stood on the earth the day before, from ghaniya bi-l-makān, he dwelt there. The fourth form’s 41 are partitioned there, and al-Bukhārī 7493 is carried there, 3391 having lā ghinā lī.

AFTER NAME 94: Name 94 carries another portion of Muslim 2577a, from all of you are astray to I will guide you, and SHARED_LOCI now joins four.

ON THE AUTHOR’S LIST, THE RECORDED GROUP: the list gathers in one place the passages of the creative pages that are the author’s own and are kept, so that no later pass corrects them. The entries at this Name are the two figures of MEDS 88, the line of the needy whose head is not in the line at all, and the forehead that needed somewhere to rest. This note already records both as the author’s; that record stands, the passages are unchanged, and they stay with him. AFTER THE ḤADĪTH READING: al-Bukhārī 3391 and 7493, which this note left for Name 89, were read whole. They are one report, through ʻAbd ar-Razzāq from Maʻmar from Hammām from Abū Hurayrah: while Ayyūb was bathing unclothed a flight of golden locusts fell upon him and he began to gather them into his garment, and his Lord called to him, Ayyūb, did I not make you free of need of what you see, and he said, yes indeed, my Lord, but I have no freedom from need of Your blessing. The fourth form of the root stands in the words of the Lord and the noun in Ayyūb’s answer, one exchange carrying both, which is what this note said the pair carried; Name 89 carries 7493 and gives the difference between the two recensions.

IN BUILD 191, FROM THE PHASE 2 READING: Name 94 carries a fourth portion of Muslim 2577a, and the report’s note now names it; the OPEN line no longer lists the fourth form’s partition, al-Bukhārī 3391 and 7493, or the commentary at 80:37 and 10:24, which the records AFTER NAME 89 and AFTER THE ḤADĪTH READING close.

IN BUILD 195, FROM THE BACKLOG READING OF THE LEXICA: ar-Rāghib (al-Mufradāt, p. 615), Lisān al-ʻArab (vol. 15, pp. 135–136) and al-Khalīl (al-ʻAyn, vol. 4, p. 450) are read at Shamela through its page reader, not in print, for gh-n-y: the absence of needs, which is Allah’s alone; al-Ghanī, who needs no one in anything while everyone needs Him; al-ghinā in wealth and al-ghināʼ in sound, Ibn Fāris’s two origins; nothing on this page is at odds with them, and the OPEN line no longer owes them.

IN BUILD 206, FROM THE BACKLOG READING OF THE GRADES: the grades of Ibn Mājah’s list are read in the editions’ text at Shamela through its page reader, not in print: al-Albānī grades the report ṣaḥīḥ without the enumeration of the Names; Shuʻayb al-Arnaʼūṭ gives its isnād as ḍaʻīf with the Names, their naming an insertion by some narrators, the report without them standing in al-Bukhārī; Muḥammad Fuʼād ʻAbd al-Bāqī’s edition gives no verdict of its own and quotes az-Zawāʼid, that Ibn Mājah’s route is ḍaʻīf; the ṣaḥīḥ and ḥasan ṣaḥīḥ this page gave the list were the dataset’s rows and not the editions’ verdicts on it, and the ref and the line on the six editions now give the editions’ verdicts.

IN BUILD 207, FROM THE READING OF THE GRADES: Muḥammad Fuʼād ʻAbd al-Bāqī is no longer named as a grader on this page: the row the ḥadīth dataset gives in his name is al-Albānī’s ruling as it is printed with ʻAbd al-Bāqī’s edition of Ibn Mājah, read at Shamela through its page reader, not in print, and the edition gives no verdict of its own beyond quoting az-Zawāʼid; al-Albānī’s grade stands where it stood, and earlier records keep their words.

المغنيNext · Name 89The Enricher
Al-Mughnī