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Name 67 of 99
الأحد

The Unique

Al-Aḥad

Describing the sea — every comparison falls short.

Meaning

From w-ḥ-d: Ibn Fāris makes a-ḥ-d a branch of that root, whose one origin is being single. With its forms the word stands 85 times in the Qurʼan and is said of Allah once, in the first āyah of Sūrat al-Ikhlāṣ: Say, He is Allah, aḥad. Elsewhere the word most often means anyone or no one, and the sūrah closes on it: there is none comparable to Him. Al-Baghawī, at that āyah, finds no difference between wāḥid and aḥad, and gives Ibn Masʻūd’s reading, qul huwa llāhu l-wāḥid. The definite al-Aḥad is not in the Qurʼan. In the six ḥadīth editions it is said of Allah in eight records, and aṣ-Ṣamad follows it in all eight: a ḥadīth qudsī, I am al-Aḥad, aṣ-Ṣamad; and a supplication the Prophet ﷺ said asked by His greatest Name.

Root w-ḥ-d — a branch of w-ḥ-d, being single; of Allah once, otherwise mostly anyone or no one

Counted from the Tanzil text at Name 66 and asserted again here. Aḥad and iḥdā stand 85 times; of Allah only at 112:1. The bare word stands 53 times: anyone or no one, in denial, prohibition, question or condition, 48, seven of them denying Allah a partner (18:26, 18:38, 18:42, 18:110, 72:2, 72:18, 72:20) and 112:4 an equal; one, affirmed, 4 (among them 9:6); with a pronoun or as iḥdā, one of, 32. The definite al-aḥad does not stand in the Qurʼan. Ibn Fāris, in his own text: a-ḥ-d a branch, the origin the wāw, w-ḥ-d, whose one origin is al-infirād. Al-Baghawī at 112:1: aḥad, that is wāḥid, with no difference between al-wāḥid and al-aḥad, as Ibn Masʻūd’s reading shows. Aṭ-Ṭabarī at 112:1 records grammarians reading aḥad as wāḥid, the readers of the cities reading aḥadun with tanwīn and a reading without it reported from Naṣr ibn ʻĀṣim and ʻAbdullāh ibn Abī Isḥāq, and holds tanwīn correct; at 112:4, Ibn ʻAbbās: nothing is like Him. The six editions swept for al-aḥad: 18 words, ten of them Sunday or the eleven; said of Allah in eight records, aṣ-Ṣamad after it in all eight: the ḥadīth qudsī at al-Bukhārī 4974 and an-Nasāʼī 2078; the supplications at Abū Dāwūd 985 and 1493, at-Tirmidhī 3475, an-Nasāʼī 1301 and Ibn Mājah 3857; and the list at Ibn Mājah 3861, with the caveat recorded at Name 12. The list at at-Tirmidhī 3507, in the edition read, does not carry al-aḥad. In Ibn Mājah’s list it stands immediately before aṣ-Ṣamad, which is where this book sets it, while the Names on either side follow at-Tirmidhī’s order; at-Tirmidhī runs al-Wāḥid straight into aṣ-Ṣamad. Reports: al-Bukhārī 5013; al-Bukhārī 4974; al-Bukhārī 7375. Duʻāʼ: Qurʼan 112:1; Abū Dāwūd 1493; an-Nasāʼī 1301.

Story

A girl named Nour had been blind from birth, and for most of one winter she asked her uncle Bassam about the sea. He had sailed for eighteen years, and loved her, and considered himself a reasonably articulate man. He could not do it.

He tried scale: bigger than the town, than the province, than everything. She understood bigger and it told her nothing. He tried sound, and got closest, and still it was wrong, because the sound of the sea is not a large version of any other sound. He tried by analogy: like a field of grass in wind, but of water; like a great animal breathing. Each comparison helped a little and each one lied a little, because the sea is not a big lake, not a wet field, not an animal, and every likeness he offered made it into a kind of something else.

She was patient with him for longer than he deserved. It was Nour who eventually said, without any reproach in it, that she thought he was describing how it made him feel and calling that the sea. Bassam thought about this for several days. He had been at sea half his life and had never once considered that he did not know what it was either — only what it had done to him, which is a different subject entirely.

In the end he took her to it, which is not an argument but is the only thing that works. It was September and the water was cold. She stood in it to her knees and was silent for a long time and then said, “Nothing you told me was wrong. It was all much too small.”

Poem

People say “very unique” all the time, and the phrase is, technically, nonsense —
uniqueness doesn’t come in amounts.
A thing either has a second example somewhere, however distant,
however different, or it doesn’t.
There’s no “a little bit the only one.”
No “mostly incomparable.”
Once anything else exists in the same category,
uniqueness is already over, entirely, not partially —
the word does not know how to describe a matter of degree.

This is what makes it different from every other word we reach for
when we want to praise something: tallest, fastest, wisest, best.
Every one of those admits, quietly, that there’s a whole field of others
being measured against, a race that was run,
a scale the winning thing still shares
with everything that came in second.

“Unique,” used honestly, admits no field at all.
Not first in a line of contenders.
Not the winner of a comparison that, in principle,
someone else could have won instead.

Al-Aḥad is not the greatest entry in any category.
He is the reason the very ideas — entry, category, comparison —
never had anywhere to attach.
His is a oneness with no second example: not now, not before, not ever.
There is no shelf He is the finest thing on.
There was never a shelf.

Reflection

The Incomparable

The sailor in the story could not describe the sea to a girl who had never seen it, and the trouble was not that he lacked words. He had plenty. The trouble was that every word he owned was the name of something else. Bigger than the town. Like a field in wind. Like a great animal breathing. Each likeness carried her a little way and then set her down somewhere wrong, because a likeness works by saying this is a kind of that, and the sea is not a kind of anything. His niece was the one who named it: he was describing how it made him feel and calling that the sea.

Al-Aḥad is where that difficulty becomes absolute. Al-Wāḥid, the Name just behind this one, says there is no second beside Him — no partner, no rival, no other claim. Al-Aḥad is the same word turned another way: the Qurʼan says it of Him once, and in the places it is not said of Him it most often means anyone, or no one. The word is given in the opening line of the sūrah the Prophet ﷺ said carries the weight of a third of the Qurʼan — Qul huwa Allāhu aḥad: “Say: He is Allah, the Unique.”

This is the sobering half, and it is quieter than you would expect. Every description you hold of Allah works the way the sailor’s words did in the story. It carries you some distance and sets you down. You have a picture of Him assembled from the only materials available to you: things you have seen, people who were kind to you, power you have watched used well or badly. That picture is not Him. At its best it is faithful the way a true statement can be faithful about something it does not resemble. At its worst it is his error exactly — how it made you feel, called by His Name.

And here is the consolation. The sailor in the story solved his problem by taking her to the water, and that solution is not available here; not in this life, not to anyone. But the failure of your descriptions is not a wall you have run into. It is the shape of what you were describing. When every likeness comes back too small, the smallness is information. “Nothing you told me was wrong,” she said. “It was all much too small.” That is very nearly the correct posture toward the Names: what has been said of Him is true, and none of it is His measure.

The trace of this in you is not what the word “unique” usually gets used for. You are not aḥad as He is, and nothing in you is. Whatever is unrepeatable about you is the unrepeatability of a made thing — real, but of a kind that has a Maker who could make ten thousand more, and no different in kind from the unrepeatability of one leaf. The trace is smaller and more useful than the word suggests: it is the honest silence at the end of your descriptions. When you run out of words for Him and notice that you have run out, the noticing is worth more than the words were.

The sūrah does not stop at aḥad. Its next line gives the Name that follows here: Allāhu ṣ-Ṣamad — the One His servants turn to with their supplication and their need.

Every word you have for Him is the name of something else.

Qurʼan

قُلْ هُوَ اللَّهُ أَحَدٌ

Say: He is Allah, the Unique.

112:1 (Qurʼan, opens quran.com)

The one place in the Qurʼan aḥad is said of Allah. Al-Baghawī: aḥad, that is, wāḥid, and there is no difference between al-wāḥid and al-aḥad; Ibn Masʻūd’s reading, qul huwa llāhu l-wāḥid, shows it. Aṭ-Ṭabarī records the readers of the cities reading aḥadun with tanwīn and a reading without it reported from Naṣr ibn ʻĀṣim and ʻAbdullāh ibn Abī Isḥāq, and holds tanwīn correct. Name 68 carries the whole sūrah.

لَمْ يَلِدْ وَلَمْ يُولَدْ ۝ وَلَمْ يَكُن لَّهُ كُفُوًا أَحَدٌ

He begets not, nor was He begotten, and there is none comparable to Him.

112:3–4 (Qurʼan, opens quran.com)

The sūrah closes on aḥad, here meaning anyone: none is comparable to Him. Aṭ-Ṭabarī records Ibn ʻAbbās on the last āyah, nothing is like Him, so glory be to Allah, the One, the Subduer; and Mujāhid, a consort.

قُلْ إِنَّمَا أَنَا بَشَرٌ مِثْلُكُمْ يُوحَىٰ إِلَيَّ أَنَّمَا إِلَٰهُكُمْ إِلَٰهٌ وَاحِدٌ ۖ فَمَنْ كَانَ يَرْجُو لِقَاءَ رَبِّهِ فَلْيَعْمَلْ عَمَلًا صَالِحًا وَلَا يُشْرِكْ بِعِبَادَةِ رَبِّهِ أَحَدًا

Say: I am only a man like you; it is revealed to me that your god is one god. So whoever hopes for the meeting with his Lord, let him do righteous work and not associate anyone in the worship of his Lord.

18:110 (Qurʼan, opens quran.com)

Shared with Name 66. Both words in one āyah: your god is one god, wāḥid, and let him associate no one, aḥad, in the worship of his Lord.

مَا لَهُمْ مِنْ دُونِهِ مِنْ وَلِيٍّ وَلَا يُشْرِكُ فِي حُكْمِهِ أَحَدًا

They have no protector besides Him, and He associates no one in His judgement.

18:26 (Qurʼan, opens quran.com)

Of the 48 places the bare word means anyone or no one, seven deny Allah a partner, and here He is the subject. Aṭ-Ṭabarī: Allah makes no one besides Himself a partner in His decree and His judgement over His creation; He is alone in judging and decreeing among them. The portion printed is the close of the āyah.

لَٰكِنَّا هُوَ اللَّهُ رَبِّي وَلَا أُشْرِكُ بِرَبِّي أَحَدًا

But as for me, He is Allah, my Lord, and I associate no one with my Lord.

18:38 (Qurʼan, opens quran.com)

The believer to the owner of the two gardens. Ibn Kathīr: rather He is Allah, worshipped alone, with no partner. As-Saʻdī: he affirmed his Lord’s lordship and that he associates no one of the creatures with Him.

وَأُحِيطَ بِثَمَرِهِ فَأَصْبَحَ يُقَلِّبُ كَفَّيْهِ عَلَىٰ مَا أَنْفَقَ فِيهَا وَهِيَ خَاوِيَةٌ عَلَىٰ عُرُوشِهَا وَيَقُولُ يَا لَيْتَنِي لَمْ أُشْرِكْ بِرَبِّي أَحَدًا

And his fruit was encompassed, and he began to wring his hands over what he had spent on it, while it lay fallen on its trellises, and he said: Would that I had associated no one with my Lord.

18:42 (Qurʼan, opens quran.com)

The same words, said too late by the one who had denied them. Aṭ-Ṭabarī: the disbeliever wishes, after his garden was struck, that he had not associated anyone with his Lord; when his world left him and he was alone with his deeds, he wished he had not disbelieved in Allah.

يَهْدِي إِلَى الرُّشْدِ فَآمَنَّا بِهِ ۖ وَلَنْ نُشْرِكَ بِرَبِّنَا أَحَدًا

It guides to what is right, so we have believed in it, and we will never associate anyone with our Lord.

72:2 (Qurʼan, opens quran.com)

The jinn who heard the Qurʼan, to their people. Aṭ-Ṭabarī: we will never associate anyone of His creation with our Lord. Name 98 prints the opening of the āyah.

وَأَنَّ الْمَسَاجِدَ لِلَّهِ فَلَا تَدْعُوا مَعَ اللَّهِ أَحَدًا

And the places of prostration belong to Allah, so do not call upon anyone along with Allah.

72:18 (Qurʼan, opens quran.com)

Aṭ-Ṭabarī: do not call on anyone with Allah in them and do not associate anything with Him there, but single Him out in oneness and make worship His purely.

قُلْ إِنَّمَا أَدْعُو رَبِّي وَلَا أُشْرِكُ بِهِ أَحَدًا

Say: I call only upon my Lord, and I associate no one with Him.

72:20 (Qurʼan, opens quran.com)

Aṭ-Ṭabarī records the āyah read qāla, as a report of what the Prophet ﷺ said, and qul, as a command to him, and holds both known readings correct; the page prints the Ḥafṣ text. As-Saʻdī: that is, I declare Him One, alone, with no partner.

وَإِنْ أَحَدٌ مِنَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ اسْتَجَارَكَ فَأَجِرْهُ حَتَّىٰ يَسْمَعَ كَلَامَ اللَّهِ

And if anyone of the idolaters seeks your protection, grant him protection so that he may hear the speech of Allah.

9:6 (Qurʼan, opens quran.com)

The word affirmed of a man, as it is four times. Aṭ-Ṭabarī: if one of the idolaters you were commanded to fight asks you for safety to hear the speech of Allah from you, grant it. Mujāhid, in aṭ-Ṭabarī: a person who comes to you to hear what you say and what was sent down to you. The portion printed is the first part of the āyah.

Dua

قُلْ هُوَ اللَّهُ أَحَدٌ

Say: He is Allah, the Unique.

Qurʼan 112:1

Qurʼanic rather than transmitted: the first āyah of Sūrat al-Ikhlāṣ, the one place in the Qurʼan aḥad is said of Allah.

اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَسْأَلُكَ أَنِّي أَشْهَدُ أَنَّكَ أَنْتَ اللَّهُ لاَ إِلَهَ إِلاَّ أَنْتَ الأَحَدُ الصَّمَدُ الَّذِي لَمْ يَلِدْ وَلَمْ يُولَدْ وَلَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ كُفُوًا أَحَدٌ

O Allah, I ask You, as I bear witness that You are Allah; there is no god but You, the Unique, the Eternal Refuge, who begets not, nor was begotten, and there is none comparable to Him.

Abū Dāwūd 1493 · ṣaḥīḥ (al-Albānī; Muḥammad Muḥyī ad-Dīn ʻAbd al-Ḥamīd; Shuʻayb al-Arnaʼūṭ); isnād ṣaḥīḥ (Darussalam)

From Buraydah: the Prophet ﷺ heard a man saying this, and said: you have asked Allah by the Name by which, when He is asked, He gives, and when He is called on, He answers. At-Tirmidhī 3475 has it with bi-annī ashhadu and by His greatest Name, graded ṣaḥīḥ by Aḥmad Shākir, al-Albānī and Darussalam, and ḥasan gharīb in at-Tirmidhī’s own verdict. Ibn Mājah 3857 has bi-annaka anta llāhu l-aḥadu ṣ-ṣamad and the greatest Name, graded ṣaḥīḥ by al-Albānī and isnād ṣaḥīḥ by Darussalam.

اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَسْأَلُكَ يَا اللَّهُ بِأَنَّكَ الْوَاحِدُ الأَحَدُ الصَّمَدُ الَّذِي لَمْ يَلِدْ وَلَمْ يُولَدْ وَلَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ كُفُوًا أَحَدٌ أَنْ تَغْفِرَ لِي ذُنُوبِي إِنَّكَ أَنْتَ الْغَفُورُ الرَّحِيمُ

O Allah, I ask You, O Allah, since You are the One, the Unique, the Eternal Refuge, who begets not, nor was begotten, and there is none comparable to Him, that You forgive me my sins; truly You are the Much-Forgiving, the Merciful.

an-Nasāʼī 1301 · ṣaḥīḥ (Abū Ghuddah; al-Albānī); isnād ṣaḥīḥ (Darussalam)

Shared with Name 66. From Miḥjan ibn al-Adraʻ: the man in the tashahhud of whom the Prophet ﷺ said, he has been forgiven. Al-Wāḥid, al-Aḥad and aṣ-Ṣamad stand together; Abū Dāwūd 985 has the same report with yā Allāhu l-aḥadu ṣ-ṣamad, without al-wāḥid.

Hadith

وَالَّذِي نَفْسِي بِيَدِهِ إِنَّهَا لَتَعْدِلُ ثُلُثَ الْقُرْآنِ

By Him in whose hand is my soul, truly it is equivalent to a third of the Qurʼan.

al-Bukhārī 5013 · ṣaḥīḥ

From Abū Saʻīd al-Khudrī: a man heard another reciting qul huwa llāhu aḥad over and over, and in the morning came to the Prophet ﷺ and told him, as though he thought it slight; and the Prophet ﷺ swore to its weight. Al-Bukhārī 6643 and 7374, Abū Dāwūd 1461 and an-Nasāʼī 995 carry the same words. Muslim 811a, from Abū ad-Dardāʼ, has the Prophet ﷺ ask whether any of them is unable to recite a third of the Qurʼan in a night, and answer qul huwa llāhu aḥad taʻdilu thuluth al-Qurʼān; Muslim 812a, from Abū Hurayrah, has alā innahā taʻdilu thuluth al-Qurʼān. Neither carries the oath.

وَأَمَّا شَتْمُهُ إِيَّاىَ فَقَوْلُهُ اتَّخَذَ اللَّهُ وَلَدًا وَأَنَا الأَحَدُ الصَّمَدُ لَمْ أَلِدْ وَلَمْ أُولَدْ وَلَمْ يَكُنْ لِي كُفْأً أَحَدٌ

And as for his reviling Me, it is his saying: Allah has taken a child. And I am the Unique, the Eternal Refuge; I have not begotten and was not begotten, and there is none comparable to Me.

al-Bukhārī 4974 · ṣaḥīḥ (ḥadīth qudsī)

A ḥadīth qudsī from Abū Hurayrah: the son of Ādam denies Me and reviles Me. This is the reviling, and in it Allah says of Himself al-Aḥad, aṣ-Ṣamad; Names 58 and 59 carry the denying, the first portion of the same report. An-Nasāʼī 2078 has it with wa-anā llāhu l-aḥadu ṣ-ṣamad, graded ḥasan ṣaḥīḥ by Abū Ghuddah and al-Albānī and ṣaḥīḥ by Darussalam. In the six editions al-aḥad is said of Allah in eight records, and aṣ-Ṣamad follows it in all eight.

فَسَأَلُوهُ فَقَالَ لأَنَّهَا صِفَةُ الرَّحْمَنِ وَأَنَا أُحِبُّ أَنْ أَقْرَأَ بِهَا فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ صلى الله عليه وسلم أَخْبِرُوهُ أَنَّ اللَّهَ يُحِبُّهُ

So they asked him, and he said: Because it is the description of the Beneficent, and I love to recite it. The Prophet ﷺ said: Tell him that Allah loves him.

al-Bukhārī 7375 · ṣaḥīḥ

From ʻĀʼishah: a man the Prophet ﷺ sent over a raiding party led his companions in prayer and closed his recitation with qul huwa llāhu aḥad; when they returned and told the Prophet ﷺ, he said, ask him why he does it.

Study Notes

Verified — directly attested

ShowHide the Study Notes (1,521 words)

CARRIED ON THIS PAGE: ten entries, eleven āyāt. Carried before: 112:1 and 112:3–4, both also inside Name 68’s 112:1–4. Appended in this pass: the seven places the bare word, meaning no one, denies Allah a partner — 18:110, identical to Name 66 and linked; 72:2, the whole āyah, where Name 98 prints its opening, linked as another portion; and 18:26, 18:38, 18:42, 72:18 and 72:20, carried at no Name before — and 9:6, the word affirmed of a man. The distinct verse count moves from 559 to 565.

NAMED HERE BUT NOT CARRIED ON THIS PAGE: none; every verse the entry names is on this page.

CORRECTED ON THE RECORD, THE COUNT: the root was counted at Name 66 and build_N67.py asserts it again. AḤAD AND IḤDĀ STAND 85 TIMES AND ONLY 112:1 IS SAID OF ALLAH. The bare word stands 53 times: of Allah once; anyone or no one, in denial, prohibition, question or condition, 48 times, seven of them denying Him a partner (18:26, 18:38, 18:42, 18:110, 72:2, 72:18, 72:20) and 112:4 denying Him an equal; one, affirmed of a person or a thing, four times (4:43, 5:6, 9:6, 12:4). With a pronoun or as iḥdā it means one of, 32 times. THE DEFINITE AL-AḤAD IS NOT IN THE QURʼAN. THE SIX ḤADĪTH EDITIONS, SWEPT FOR AL-AḤAD, return 18 words: ten are yawm al-aḥad, Sunday, or al-aḥad ʻashar, the eleven; and in EIGHT RECORDS it is said of Allah, AND AṢ-ṢAMAD FOLLOWS IT IN ALL EIGHT — the ḥadīth qudsī wa-anā l-aḥadu ṣ-ṣamad (al-Bukhārī 4974, an-Nasāʼī 2078), the supplications (Abū Dāwūd 985 and 1493, at-Tirmidhī 3475, an-Nasāʼī 1301, Ibn Mājah 3857), and the list at Ibn Mājah 3861. FOUND / CORRECTED / REMOVED, AS UNVERIFIED: THE REF AND THIS STUDY NOTE SAID THE DEFINITE NAME-FORM COMES THROUGH THE ENUMERATION AT AT-TIRMIDHĪ 3507. IN THE EDITION READ, AT-TIRMIDHĪ 3507 DOES NOT CARRY AL-AḤAD: its list runs al-wājid, al-mājid, al-wāḥid, aṣ-ṣamad. The Name stands in the list at Ibn Mājah 3861, with the caveat recorded at Name 13 (at Name 12, Al-Bāriʼ, which records it, Name 13 carrying none: corrected in build 179); corrected. THE DESC, REF AND 112:1 NOTE SAID CLASSICAL SCHOLARS COMMONLY DIVIDE AL-WĀḤID AND AL-AḤAD AS REFUSING A SECOND AND REFUSING PARTS, AND RESERVE AḤAD FOR THIS VERSE ALONE. The commentators read say otherwise: AL-BAGHAWĪ AT 112:1 — aḥad, that is wāḥid, AND THERE IS NO DIFFERENCE BETWEEN AL-WĀḤID AND AL-AḤAD, as Ibn Masʻūd’s reading qul huwa llāhu l-wāḥid shows; aṭ-Ṭabarī records grammarians reading aḥad there as wāḥid; Ibn Fāris makes a-ḥ-d a branch of w-ḥ-d with one origin. Struck as unattributed, not as false; no book that draws the division was read. Also struck, with no source: absolute, indivisible oneness, more intense than w-ḥ-d; He has no parts; the only oneness never put together. THE 112:3–4 NOTE CALLED THE CLOSING AḤAD A USE OF THE NAME framing the sūrah; there it means anyone, none comparable to Him, and the note now gives Ibn ʻAbbās and Mujāhid from aṭ-Ṭabarī. THE ḤADĪTH NOTE SAID THE OATH AND INNAHĀ LA-TAʻDILU BELONG TO AL-BUKHĀRĪ ALONE; Abū Dāwūd 1461 and an-Nasāʼī 995 carry them too, and al-Bukhārī 6643 and 7374 repeat them; and its SOURCE FIELD PAIRED MUSLIM 811, WHICH ITS OWN NOTE SAID DOES NOT CARRY THE PRINTED WORDING. Cut to al-Bukhārī 5013 here and at Name 68 in the same edit, and the note rewritten; it had also made Abū ad-Dardāʼ the one told, where he narrates the Prophet’s ﷺ question to all of them. THE DUʻĀʼ NOTE called 112:1 the shortest complete declaration of this Name in the whole book’s liturgical life; untestable, removed. The ref carried Jāmiʻ at-Tirmidhī 3507 and Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī 5013 against house form.

ADDED: Abū Dāwūd 1493, the supplication of which the Prophet ﷺ said the man had asked by the Name that gives when asked by, with every grader and with at-Tirmidhī 3475 and Ibn Mājah 3857 named; an-Nasāʼī 1301, identical to Name 66; al-Bukhārī 4974’s second portion, wa-anā l-aḥadu ṣ-ṣamad, linked to the first portion at Names 58 and 59, with an-Nasāʼī 2078 named; al-Bukhārī 7375, the sūrah as the description of ar-Raḥmān. MEDS 67 carried the struck distinction and quoted 112:1 as Say, He is Allah, One, where the book’s English is the Unique; both repaired, its title The Unassembled is now The Incomparable, and You are not aḥad now reads as He is, since the Qurʼan says the word of people throughout. POEMS 67 opens on very unique being technically nonsense; that is a usage opinion, not a fact of English, and is left as figure. CH 67 was read and not changed.

READ: the Tanzil text, every return in its verse. Ibn Fāris, Maqāyīs, in his own text on islamweb (book 124), a-ḥ-d at vol. 1 p. 67 and w-ḥ-d at vol. 6 pp. 90–91, read at Name 66. Al-Baghawī and Ibn Kathīr at 112:1; aṭ-Ṭabarī at 112:1–4, 18:26, 18:42, 72:2, 72:18, 72:20 and 9:6; Ibn Kathīr and as-Saʻdī at 18:38; as-Saʻdī at 72:20; through the tafsir dataset. Letter by letter with their grade rows: al-Bukhārī 4974, 5013, 6643, 7374 and 7375; Muslim 811a, 811b and 812a; Abū Dāwūd 985, 1461 and 1493; at-Tirmidhī 3475 and 3507; an-Nasāʼī 995, 1301 and 2078; Ibn Mājah 3857 and 3861; all six editions swept for al-aḥad and for innahā la-taʻdilu.

NOT READ: ar-Rāghib, Lisān al-ʻArab, al-Azharī; any book of the qirāʼāt (Ibn Masʻūd’s reading and the tanwīn reading at 112:1 are given as al-Baghawī and aṭ-Ṭabarī report them); al-Ghazālī’s al-Maqṣad al-Asnā.

OPEN: whether any scholar draws the division between al-Wāḥid and al-Aḥad the book once asserted — none read does, and one read denies it; Ibn Kathīr at 112:1 says the word is not applied in affirmation to anyone but Allah, which reserves the word and does not draw that division. The book’s order sets al-Aḥad between al-Wāḥid and aṣ-Ṣamad, which is not at-Tirmidhī 3507’s order in the edition read; that is the author’s arrangement and was not touched. MEDS 67’s last paragraph glosses aṣ-Ṣamad without a source, left for Name 68’s pass. At 72:20 aṭ-Ṭabarī records the verse read qāla and qul and holds both correct; the page prints the Ḥafṣ text.

COHERENCE: 18:110 is carried here and at Name 66 with the same Arabic and English, linked both ways; 72:2 here whole and at Name 98 in its opening, linked as another portion; an-Nasāʼī 1301 here and at Name 66, identical and linked; al-Bukhārī 4974 here in its second portion and at Names 58 and 59 in its first, linked as another portion. Name 68’s Ḥadīth source is cut to al-Bukhārī 5013 with this page’s, and its Study Note records it.

AUDIT AFTER NAME 70: the open item on MEDS 67 was not reached at Name 68’s pass; MEDS 67 now glosses aṣ-Ṣamad in Ibn Fāris’s sense as read at Name 68, the One His servants turn to with supplication and request, and no longer says needing nothing, needed by everything. AFTER THE CHAT-END AUDIT OF 1–99: the item left for Name 68 is closed: its desc sources aṣ-Ṣamad to Ibn Fāris, the chief people repair to in their affairs.

ON THE AUTHOR’S DECISION, THE PLACE IN THE ORDER: the author keeps the order and has had the finding put on the page. Both lists were read in the datasets for this decision. At-Tirmidhī 3507, in the edition read, does not carry al-aḥad at all: it runs al-Wājid, al-Mājid, al-Wāḥid, aṣ-Ṣamad, al-Qādir, al-Muqtadir. Ibn Mājah 3861 carries it, in a different list and a different order, and there it stands immediately before aṣ-Ṣamad, running into the words of Sūrat al-Ikhlāṣ. So the book is not out of step with 3507 by an accident of arrangement: it follows at-Tirmidhī’s enumeration and sets in it one Name that enumeration lacks, in the position Ibn Mājah gives that Name relative to aṣ-Ṣamad. The ref now says so, after the sentence that already told the reader 3507 does not carry the Name. The item is closed; moving the Name was considered and refused, since every index, link and id in the book is keyed to the present order.

IN BUILD 179, FROM THE PHASE 2 READING OF NAME 58: the ref’s pointer to the caveat on Ibn Mājah 3861’s list names Name 12, Al-Bāriʼ, whose Study Note records it; Name 13 carries none. The same pointer in the line above that records the Name’s place in the list is corrected in place.

IN BUILD 185, FROM THE PHASE 2 READING: Ibn Kathīr at 112:1 is read at the pin, and OPEN gives his reservation of the word; the carried line counts ten entries, eleven āyāt.

IN BUILD 207, FROM THE READING OF THE GRADES: Muḥammad Fuʼād ʻAbd al-Bāqī is no longer named as a grader on this page: the row the ḥadīth dataset gives in his name is al-Albānī’s ruling as it is printed with ʻAbd al-Bāqī’s edition of Ibn Mājah, read at Shamela through its page reader, not in print, and the edition gives no verdict of its own beyond quoting az-Zawāʼid; al-Albānī’s grade stands where it stood, and earlier records keep their words.

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